Kwizicelo zokuwelda indawo ye-aluminiyam, iinjineli ezininzi kunye namaqela emveliso ahlala edibana nemiba ephindaphindiweyo efana ne-spatter egqithisileyo, ubungakanani be-weld obungahambelaniyo, ukuncamathelwa rhoqo kwe-electrode, kunye nokungonelanga kokuqina kweweld ngaphandle kwenkangeleko eyamkelekileyo yomphezulu. Xa ezi ngxaki zivela, kuqhelekile ukucinga ukuba i-aluminium ngokwayo kunzima ukuyidibanisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekelwe kumava emveliso ebanzi, ngaphezu kwe-70% ukuya kwi-80% yeziphene ze-aluminiyam ze-welding azibangelwa yinto ngokwayo, kodwa ngoseto lweparameter olungahambelani kakuhle neempawu zomzimba ze-aluminium.
Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ethambileyo, i-aluminiyam ibonisa ngokuphawulekayo i-thermal kunye neendawo eziphezulu. I-thermal conductivity yayo iqhelekile237 W/m·K, malunga nokuphinda kabini ukuya kathathu kwentsimbi yekhabhoni esezantsi{0}. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubushushu obuveliswe ngexesha lokuwelda buyaphela ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza kubenzima ukugcina indawo ezinzileyo yobushushu obuphezulu-kwindawo yojongano lwe weld. Ukongeza, umphezulu we-aluminium ngokwendalo wenza umaleko oshinyeneyo we-oxide (Al₂O₃) enokumelana nombane okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuba lo maleko we-oxide awuphulwanga ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuhamba kwangoku, kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuzinza kokuqhuba kombane. Ngapha koko, i-aluminiyam inomkhwa onamandla wokubambelela kwii-electrode zobhedu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukuba amandla e-electrode okanye iimeko zokupholisa azilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukunxiba kwe-electrode kunokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngezi zizathu, ukuseka useto lweparamitha esekwe kukuziphatha kwe-aluminiyam kubalulekile ukufezekisa umgangatho we-weld ongaguqukiyo nothembekileyo.
Kutheni iAluminiyam indawo yokuwelda ingumceli mngeni kunentsimbi
Ngaphambi kokulungelelanisa i-welding parameters, kubalulekile ukuqonda izizathu ezisisiseko zokungazinzi kwe-aluminium welding. Kwiindawo ezininzi zemveliso, uhlengahlengiso oluphindaphindiweyo kwixesha langoku okanye le-weld lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela izinto ezisisiseko zezinto eziphathekayo, ezihlala zikhokelela ekuxazululeni iingxaki.
1. Umaleko weOksidi yoMphezulu uthintela ukuHamba okuZinzileyo kwangoku
Ialuminiyam yenza umaleko obhityileyo kodwa oshinyene kakhulu weoksidi xa ivezwe emoyeni. Nangona lo maleko weoksidi ubhityile kakhulu, unoxhathiso oluphezulu kakhulu lombane kwaye usebenza njengomqobo wokuhamba ngoku kwisiseko semathiriyeli. Ukuba amandla aneleyo e-electrode kunye nexesha lokucudisa alisetyenziswanga ngaphambi kokuba i-welding iqale, i-oxide layer ingahlala iphelele. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhamba kwangoku kugxininiswa kwiindawo zoqhagamshelwano zendawo endaweni yokusasazwa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo ye-weld.
Kuseto lwemveliso, le meko idla ngokukhokelela kwiiwelds ezibonakala zamkelekile ngaphandle kodwa ziqulathe ii-weld nuggets ezingaphelelanga okanye ezingaphelelanga ngaphakathi. Ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-peel okanye ukuqina, ezi welds zihlala zisilela kwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokungonelanga kokwakheka kwe-nugget. Ke ngoko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqhekeko olupheleleyo lomaleko we-oxide lelinye lawona manyathelo abalulekileyo kwi-aluminiyam indawo yokuwelda, ehlala ibaluleke ngakumbi kunokonyusa i-welding yangoku.
2. I-High Thermal Conductivity ibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okukhawulezayo
I-aluminium ephezulu ye-thermal conductivity ibangela ukuba ubushushu busasazeke ngokukhawuleza kude ne-weld zone. Ngexesha le-welding, oku kutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okukhawulezayo kuthintela ujongano lwe-weld ekugcineni imo enyibilikisiweyo ezinzileyo. Ukuba isiqhelo esisodwa -iendlela ze-pulse welding eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa intsimbi zisetyenziselwa i-aluminium, umphezulu we-weld unokutshisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye uvelise i-spatter egqithisileyo, ngelixa izinto zangaphakathi zisilela ukufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa elaneleyo ukwenza i-weld nugget ezinzileyo.
Le nto ibonwa rhoqo kwimigca yemveliso apho ukunyibilika okubonakalayo kwenzeka kumphezulu kodwa amandla e-weld ahlala engonelanga. Ukoyisa lo mba, inkqubo yokufaka ubushushu kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuthe ngcembe, ivumele ubushushu ukuba bukhule ngokuqhubekayo kunokuba busetyenziswe kwisantya esinye.
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Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphakamileyo, i-aluminiyam ithande ukunamathela kwii-electrode zobhedu, ngamanye amaxesha zenza iibhondi zealloy zendawo kwindawo yoqhagamshelwano. Ukuba iimeko zokupholisa azanelanga okanye amandla e-electrode angazinzanga, amaqondo okushisa e-electrode aphakama ngokukhawuleza, ukukhawuleza ukunamathela kunye nokugqoka. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kukhokelela ekuguqulweni kwe-electrode, ukonakala komhlaba, kunye nokuhanjiswa okungahambelaniyo koxinzelelo lwangoku, ukuthoba ngakumbi umgangatho we-weld.
Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo-zemveliso yevolomu, lo mba wonyusa kakhulu i-electrode replacement frequency, okukhokelela kwixesha lokuphumla kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokulondolozwa. Ngoko ke, amandla e-electrode kunye nokusebenza kokupholisa kufuneka ahlale ephathwa njengeeparameters zokulawula eziphambili kunokuba kuqwalaselwe isibini.
Iisetingi eziNtathu eziphambili zeParameter ezimisela ukuzinza kweAluminiyam Spot Welding
Uninzi lweengxaki ze-aluminiyam ye-aluminiyam yokuwelda inokulandelelwa umva kwiiparamitha ezintathu eziphambili: ixesha lokucudisa, uyilo lwangoku lwamaza, kunye namandla e-electrode aneemeko zokupholisa. Ukuseka ubudlelwane obunengqiqo phakathi kwezi parameters kunokunciphisa kakhulu iziphene ze-welding kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana.
1. Ixesha lokucudisa kufuneka lanele: Yaphula i-Oxide Layer ngaphambi kokuqukuqela kwangoku
Ixesha lokucudisa lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-aluminiyam indawo yokuwelda. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili awukona nje ukuzisa i-electrode ukuba idibane ne-workpiece, kodwa ukufaka uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo oluphazamisa ngomatshini umaleko we-oxide phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe umsinga wombane. Ukuba ixesha lokucinezela lifutshane kakhulu, i-current iya kugxininisa kwiindawo zoqhagamshelwano ezinqamlekileyo, ezikhokelela ekugqithiseni kwendawo kunye nokwakheka kwe-nugget engaphelelanga.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, xa ubukhulu bephepha le-aluminium busuka0.8 mm ukuya kwi-1.5 mm, ixesha lokucudisa liyacetyiswa phakathi0.30 kunye 0.40 imizuzwana. Xa ubukhulu bephepha bunyuka ukuya1.5 mm ukuya kwi-3.0 mm, ixesha lokucudisa kufuneka landiswe0.40 ukuba 0.50 imizuzwana okanye ngaphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-welding yensimbi, i-aluminium welding ifuna ngokubanziI-30% ukuya kwi-50% ixesha elide lokucudisa, ephucula kakhulu ukuhambelana kwe-weld.
2.I-Multi{1}I-Pulse yangoku ifanelekile kune-Single{2}}I-Pulse Welding
Kwiwelding yealuminiyam, iipulse zangoku eziphezulu{0} zangoku zihlala zivelisa ukufudumeza okuphezulu komphezulu kunye nesitshizi ngelixa kusilela ukuvelisa ubushushu obaneleyo bangaphakathi ukwenza i-nugget eyiyo. Kangangokuba, ezininzi{2}}izicwangciso zangoku zepulse ziye zaba yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kwizicelo zewelding yanamhlanje yealuminiyam.
Ulandelelwano lwe welding oluqhelekileyo - lubandakanya izigaba ezithathu. Inqanaba lokuqala lisebenzisa i-pulse ephantsi yokufudumala yangoku ephucula uqhagamshelwano lombane kwaye yenza buthathaka i-oxide layer. Isigaba sesibini sisebenza i-pulse ye-welding engundoqo, ngexesha apho uninzi lwe-nugget formation lwenzeka. Inqanaba lesithathu lisebenza njenge-forging okanye i-pulse yokubumba, inceda ukuqinisa i-weld nugget kunye nokunciphisa iziphene zangaphakathi. Idatha yemizi-mveliso ibonisa ukuba idityanisiwe ngokufanelekileyo-ye-pulse welding inokunyusa i-nugget yedayamitha nge15% ukuya kwi-30%, ngelixa unciphisa isitshizi malunga40%.
3. Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-Electrode kunye nokuPholisa kufuneka kuSebenziswe Ndawonye
Amandla e-Electrode achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo zombini ukuqhekeka komgangatho we-oxide kunye nokuzinza kokwakheka kwe-nugget. Kwiwelding ye-aluminium, amandla e-electrode kufuneka abe njaloI-20% ukuya kwi-30% ephezulu kuneyo isetyenziselwa isinyithiubukhulu obufanayo. Ukwandisa amandla e-electrode kunceda ukulawula ukwanda kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa i-spatter.
Iimeko zokupholisa zibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Ukugcina ukuhamba kwamanzi okungaguqukiyo kunceda ukuzinzisa ubushushu be-electrode kunye nokunciphisa ukunamathela kwe-aluminium. Kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino, xa ukuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa kugcinwaIilitha ezi-4 ngomzuzu nangaphezulu, ukushisa kwe-electrode kuhlala kuzinzile ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa kakhulu ukunamathela. Ngokupholisa okufanelekileyo, ubomi be-electrode bunokwenyuka ukusuka malunga500 welds ukuya ngaphezulu 3,000 welds, ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso.
Kucetyiswa iTheyibhile yokuQala yeParameter yeReferensi yeAluminium Spot Welding
Ngexesha le-welding yesilingo, ukukhetha iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo zokuqala kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuseta. La maxabiso alandelayo amele amanqanaba okuqalisa asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulungiselela usetyenziso lwamaphepha ealuminiyam.
| Ukutyeba kweAluminiyam | Ixesha lokucudisa (s) | Ixesha le-Weld (ms) | I-Weld yangoku (kA) | Amandla e-Electrode (kN) | Imo eCetyisiweyo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.8 mm | 0.30–0.35 | 120–160 | 16–20 | 2.5–3.0 | I-Pulse kabini |
| 1.0 mm | 0.30–0.40 | 140–180 | 18–22 | 3.0–3.5 | I-Pulse kabini |
| 1.5 mm | 0.35–0.45 | 160–220 | 22–28 | 3.5–4.5 | I-Pulse kathathu |
| 2.0 mm | 0.40–0.50 | 200–260 | 26–32 | 4.5–5.5 | I-Pulse kathathu |
| 3.0 mm | 0.50–0.60 | 240–320 | 32–40 | 5.5–6.5 | I-Pulse kathathu |
La maxabiso kufuneka asetyenziswe njengendawo yokuqala, kunye nohlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo olwenziweyo olusekwe kubungakanani bokwenyani be-weld nugget kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lomatshini.
Indlela yokukhetha iMFDC Spot WelderIfanelekile kwi-Aluminium Welding
Xa ukhetha izixhobo ze-welding, kubalulekile ukuvavanya kuphela umthamo olinganisiweyo, kodwa nokuba umatshini uquka iimpawu ezifunekayo ngokukodwa kwi-aluminium welding.
1. Multi{1}}Inqanaba lokuWelding Inkqubo yokukwazi
Oomatshini abayilelwe ukuwelda i-aluminium kufuneka bavumele ulawulo oluzimeleyo lwexesha lokucudiswa, ixesha le-weld, kunye nexesha lokubamba. Oku kuguquguquka kwenza ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo olusekelwe kubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokucwangciswa ngokubambisana.
2. Uzinzo Luvaliwe{1}}Ulawulo lwangoku
I-aluminium welding ifuna imveliso yangoku ezinzileyo kakhulu. Isixhobo esinolawulo oluvaliweyo{1}}loop lwangoku lunokugcina ukwahluka kwangoku ngaphakathi±1%, iphucula kakhulu i-weld{0}}ukuze{1}}i-weld isebenze.
3. Isixokelelwano sokuPholisa esiPhezulu esithembekileyo{1}}esakhono
Iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo zinceda ukuzinzisa ubushushu be-electrode kunye nokwandisa ubomi be-electrode. Kwiindawo eziqhubekayo zokuvelisa, ukusebenza kokupholisa okuzinzile kunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.
FAQ
Umbuzo: Kutheni i-aluminiyam indawo yokuwelda ivelisa isitshizi esigqithisileyo?
A: I-spatter egqithisileyo idla ngokubangelwa ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwangoku okanye ukungonelanga kwamandla e-electrode. Xa ikhoyo ngoku ifikelela kumanqanaba encopho ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu bomphezulu buyanda kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siphume kwindawo ye weld. Ukusebenzisa ezininzi -iiprofayile zangoku zepulse kunye nokwandisa amandla e-electrode kunciphisa ukutshiza kakhulu.
Umbuzo: Kutheni i-electrode inamathela rhoqo ngexesha le-aluminium yelding?
A: Ukuncamathela kwe-electrode kudla ngokubangelwa kukungapholi ngokwaneleyo okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo be-electrode. Ialuminiyam ikholisa ukubambelela kwiielectrode zobhedu phantsi{1}}kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu. Ukwandisa ukuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa kunye nokugcina i-geometry efanelekileyo ye-electrode kunokunciphisa kakhulu iingxaki zokubambelela.
Umbuzo: Ungavavanywa njani umgangatho we-weld kwindawo ye-aluminium yokuwelda?
A: Umgangatho we-weld akufanele ugwetywe kuphela ngokubonakala komphezulu. Endaweni yoko, ubungakanani be-nugget kunye novavanyo lwamandla oomatshini kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza. Uvavanyo lwe-Peel kunye novavanyo lwe-tensile ziindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zokuqinisekisa ingqibelelo ye-weld.
Iingcamango zokugqibela: I-Aluminiyam eZinzileyo i-Welding ixhomekeke kwi-Logic Parameter Logic
Kwiintsilelo ezininzi ze-aluminium welding, unobangela awukho amandla esixhobo, kodwa ubudlelwane obungafanelekanga beparameter. Ukonyuka kwangoku kukodwa akufane kuyisombulule ingxaki. Endaweni yoko, ixesha lokucudisa, uyilo lwangoku lwamaza, amandla e-electrode, kunye neemeko zokupholisa kufuneka zithathwe njengenkqubo edibeneyo.
Kuba abavelisi abenza i-aluminiyam indawo yokuwelda rhoqo, ukuseka iiseti zeparameter ezisemgangathweni ezisekelwe kuhlobo lwemathiriyeli kunye nobukhulu yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuphucula ukuhambelana. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le ndlela icwangcisiweyo inciphisa inkunkuma yezinto, yandisa ubomi be-electrode, kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
