Amalungu eCopper-aluminiyam asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla, izithuthi zombane, iipakethi zebhetri, kunye nezinto zokuhambisa amandla. I-Copper ibonelela nge-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane, ngelixa i-aluminium inika ubunzima obuphantsi kunye neenzuzo zeendleko. Ukudityaniswa kwezi zinto zimbini kuye kwaba sisisombululo esiqhelekileyo kwiibhasi zebhasi, iithebhu, kunye nezixhumi zokugcina amandla.
I-Capacitor yokukhupha oomatshini bokuwelda indawoziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-copper-aluminiyam ngenxa yokuba zinokuzisa umsinga ophezulu kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ezikhokelela kubushushu bendawo kunye nobushushu obuncinci{0}indawo echaphazelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwezi nzuzo, abaninzi abavelisi basahlangabezana nemiba enje nge-spatter egqithisileyo, imiphezulu ye-weld emnyama, kunye nomgangatho we-weld ongahambelaniyo.
Ezi ngxaki azichaphazeli inkangeleko yemveliso kuphela kodwa zisenokwehlisa ukusebenza kombane, zenze buthathaka amandla oomatshini, kwaye zibeke esichengeni ukuthembeka kwexesha elide{0}}. Kwiimeko ezininzi zokwenyani zemveliso, iziphene ezinjalo azifane zibangelwe yinto enye. Endaweni yoko, zihlala ziphuma kwiziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zeeparamitha ze-welding, iimeko zezinto eziphathekayo, ukusebenza kwe-electrode, ukuhambelana kwezixhobo, kunye nendawo yokusebenza.
La macandelo alandelayo ahlalutya oonobangela abahlanu abaphambili be-spatter egqithisileyo kunye ne-weld discolorationukuwelda ubhedu-aluminiyamkunye nokubonelela ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo zemveliso.
Ukungalingani kwi-Welding Energy Parameters
Kwiwelding yobhedu-aluminiyam, ulawulo lwamandla yenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ezichaphazela ukwenziwa kwesitshizi kunye nokutshintsha kombala we-weld. I-Copper ine-conductivity ephezulu kakhulu ye-thermal kune-aluminium, ngelixa i-aluminium inendawo ephantsi yokunyibilika (malunga ne-660 degree). Ukuba igalelo lamandla alilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukufudumeza kwendawo kunokuvela lula, okukhokelela kwi-spatter enzima kunye ne-oxidation.
1.Amandla okukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ngoku
Xa amandla okukhutshwa okanye i-peak current ye-capacitor discharge welder isetelwe phezulu kakhulu, ubushushu bendawo ye-weld bunyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ialuminiyam ithande ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza kunobhedu, ngelixa ubhedu ngaxeshanye buchitha ubushushu kwiindawo ezingqongileyo. Oku kungalingani kudala ichibi elinyibilikisiweyo elingazinzanga, elibangela ukuba isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sigxothwe phantsi koxinzelelo, nto leyo ephumela kwi-spatter ebonakalayo.
Kwangaxeshanye, amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo akhawulezisa ukusabela kwe-oxidation kujongano lobhedu-aluminiyam, olukhokelela kumbala omnyama okanye omnyama womphezulu we-weld.
Uluhlu lweereferensi eziqhelekileyo zobhedu oluqhelekileyo-i-aluminiyam indibaniselwano yobukhulu buboniswe ngezantsi:
| Ukutyeba kwezinto eziphathekayo | Amandla acetyiswayo | Incopho yangoku | Ixesha leWeld eliqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5mm Cu + 0.5mm Al | 3000–4500 J | 25–35 kA | 3–8 ms |
| 1.0mm Cu + 1.0mm Al | 4500–6500 J | 35–50 kA | 6–12 ms |
| 1.5mm Cu + 1.5mm Al | 6500–8000 J | 45–60 kA | 8–20 ms |
Kwimveliso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqale ngamanqanaba asezantsi amandla kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uwanyuse ngokusebenzisa i-welding yolingo kunokwenza uhlengahlengiso olukhulu kwinyathelo elinye.
2.Ixesha lokukhupha ngokugqithisileyo
Nangona i-capacitor discharge welding ibandakanya ixesha elifutshane kakhulu le-weld, ixesha lokukhupha ngokungafanelekanga lisenokukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kobushushu obugqithisileyo. Xa ujongano lwe-weld luhlala kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo ixesha elide, indawo etyhidiweyo iyanda kakhulu kwaye ubushushu bunokwenzeka.
Le meko yonyusa amathuba okwenza isitshizi kwaye ikhawulezise i-oxidation, okukhokelela kwimiphezulu ye-weld emnyama.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zobhedu-aluminiyam, aindlela ephezulu{{0}yangoku,{1}}ixesha elifutshaneikhethwa kuba ivelisa i-weld nugget ezinzileyo ngelixa inciphisa igalelo lobushushu elingeyomfuneko.
3.Isiphumo saMandla esingalinganiyo okanye iifom zamaza ezingaqhelekanga
Ukuba imveliso yonikezelo lwamandla iba ingazinzi ngenxa yokuguga kwe-capacitor okanye ukuthotywa kwenkqubo yolawulo, i-waveform yangoku inokuguquguquka ngexesha le-welding. Oku kungazinzi kukhokelela ekusasazweni kobushushu obungalinganiyo kwindawo ye-weld.
Ngenxa yoko, eminye imimandla inokufumana ukudityaniswa okungonelanga ngelixa eminye ishushu kakhulu, ibangela isitshizi kunye nombala we-weld ongahambelaniyo.
Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo- zemveliso yevolumu, ukucutha umthamo we-capacitor ongaphezulu kwe-10% kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuhambelana kwe-weld. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kokusebenza kwe-capacitor kunye nokuzinza kwe-waveform yemveliso kuyacetyiswa.
Ukulungiswa komphezulu onganelanga weCopper kunye neAluminiyam
Kwiimeko ezininzi zemveliso, iziphene ze-weld azibangelwa kukuthintelwa kwezixhobo kodwa kukulungiswa kakubi komphezulu. Imiphezulu yobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam ngokwendalo yenze imigangatho ye-oxide xa ibonakaliswe emoyeni, kwaye ukuba ezi maleko azisuswanga kakuhle, i-welding ezinzileyo iba nzima nakwizixhobo eziphambili.
1.Ukususwa okungaphelelanga koMaleko oksijini
Ubhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam zombini zenza iifilimu ze-oxide ngokukhawuleza emoyeni. I-aluminium oxide, ngokukodwa, inendawo yokunyibilika malunga ne-2050 degree, ephezulu kakhulu kune-aluminiyam ngokwayo.
Ngexesha le-welding, umaleko we-oxide awunyibiliki ngokukhawuleza kwaye endaweni yoko uthintela ukuhamba kwangoku. Oku kuxhathisa kubangela i-arcing yendawo, eyenza i-spatter kwaye ifake isandla kwi-weld surface ibe mnyama.
Iindlela zokucoca ngoomatshini ezinje ngepolishi egqabhukileyo okanye-ukubrasha intsimbi engacocekanga zikholisa ukucetyiswa. Ixesha eliphakathi kokucoca kunye nokuwelda kufuneka likhawulelwe ngaphantsi kweeyure ezine ukunciphisa kwakhona{2}}i-oxidation.
2.Intsalela yeoli, uthuli, okanye izingcolisi
Ngexesha lomatshini, ukugcinwa, okanye ukuphatha, iindawo zobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam zihlala ziqokelela ulwelo lokusika, izithambiso, okanye izingcolisi ezihamba emoyeni. Ukuba ezi zinto zihlala ziphezu komhlaba, zinokutshisa okanye i-carbonize ngexesha le-welding.
Le nkqubo inokuvelisa iintsalela ezimnyama kunye ne-gas pores, ekhokelela ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo kunye nokunciphisa okunokwenzeka kombane.
Ukucoca ngotywala beshishini okanye i-acetone phambi kwe-welding kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko ezihambelanayo zomhlaba.
3.Uburhabaxa obungafanelekanga boMphezulu
Uburhabaxa bomphezulu budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukudibana kombane okuzinzileyo. Imiphezulu erhabaxa ngokugqithisileyo ikholisa ukubambisa amasuntswana eoksidi kunye nezingcolisi, ngelixa iindawo ezigudileyo ngokugqithisileyo zinokunciphisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano esebenzayo.
Zombini iimeko zingakhokelela ekuhanjisweni okungalinganiyo kwangoku kunye nokushisa kwendawo.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokuwelda ubhedu-aluminiyam, uluhlu olurhabaxa lomphezulu lweRa 0.8–1.6 μmkuthathwa njengento efanelekileyo.
Imiba yeNkqubo ye-Electrode
Inkqubo ye-electrode idlala indima emibini kwi-welding ngokuqhuba ngoku kunye nokusebenzisa amandla omatshini. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka kwimeko ye-electrode kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuzinza kwe-weld.
I-1.Izinto ze-Electrode ezingahambelaniyo okanye ukuNxitywa ngokugqithisileyo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingafanelekanga ze-electrode okanye ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide ngaphandle kokugcinwa kunokubangela ukugqoka i-electrode okanye ukuguqulwa. Olu tshintsho lutshintsha ukuhanjiswa koxinano lwangoku kwaye kunokukhokelela ekugqithiseni kwendawo.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-electrode ziquka:
| Izinto ze-Electrode | Iimpawu | Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| CuCrZr | I-conductivity ephezulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka | Ukuwelda ngokubanzi kobhedu-aluminiyam |
| WCu | Okugqwesileyo okuphezulu{0}}ukumelana nobushushu | Ukuwelda -amandla aphezulu |
| Ubhedu olunyulu | I-conductivity ephezulu kodwa ukuqina okuphantsi | Ukukhanya-umsebenzi wezicelo |
Ii-electrodes kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo3000–5000 imijikelo weld, kuxhomekeke kumthamo wemveliso.
2.I-Electrode Force enganelanga okanye engalinganiyo
Xa amandla e-electrode enganelanga, izithuba ezincinci zinokubakho phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza. Ngexesha lokukhupha, ezi zithuba zingabangela i-arcing, ekhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-spatter enzima.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukudityaniswa okungalunganga konyusa ukuchasana kwendawo, okukhawulezisa ukutshisa kakhulu kwaye kukhuthaze ukuguquguquka kwe-weld.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zobhedu-aluminiyam, amandla e-electrode awela phakathi koluhlu200–600 N, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo.
3.Ukupholisa kwe-Electrode engalunganga okanye ukuNgcoliseka koMphezulu
Ukuba inkqubo yokupholisa iyasilela ukugcina ulawulo lobushushu olwaneleyo, ubushushu be-electrode buyanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Le meko yandisa umngcipheko wokunamathela kunye nokunamathela kwesinyithi kwindawo ye-electrode.
Ngexesha le-welds elandelayo, ezi ntsalela zinokutshisa kwaye zenze iidiphozithi zekhabhoni, zibe negalelo kwi-weld discoloration.
Iimeko zokupholisa ezicetyiswayo ziquka:
- Ukushisa kwamanzi okupholisa: 20-30 degree
- Izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa: Elikhulu okanye elilingana ne-4 L/min
Ukungafani phakathi kweNkqubo kunye neZixhobo
Nokuba iiparamitha zilungelelaniswe kakuhle, iziphene zeweld zisenokwenzeka ukuba uyilo lwesixhobo aluhambelani neemfuno zesicelo.
1.INdawo yoQhagamshelwano lwe-Electrode engafanelekanga okanye iSimo
Ukuba i-geometry ye-electrode ayihambelani noyilo lwe-workpiece, ukuhanjiswa kwangoku kuya ngokungalingani. Iindawo zoqhagamshelwano ezinkulu ngokugqithisileyo zinciphisa ukuxinana kwangoku, ngelixa iindawo zoqhagamshelwano ezincinci ezigqithisileyo zonyusa umngcipheko wokushiswa kwendawo.
Uyilo oluchanekileyo lwe-electrode ke ngoko kufuneka lusekelwe kubukhulu bezinto kunye nobukhulu obufunekayo be-weld.
2.Ukunqongophala koNcedo lweGesi yokuKhusela
Kwizicelo ezifuna umgangatho ophezulu womphezulu, ukuba sesichengeni seoksijini ngexesha le-welding kunokukhawulezisa ukusabela kwi-oxidation.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-argon yokukhusela igesi kunokunciphisa i-weld surface oxidation malunga30–50%, okubangela ukuphuculwa kwenkangeleko kunye nokuhambelana.
3.Izixhobo zokuguga okanye ukusilela kwecandelo
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amacandelo afana ne-capacitors, iimodyuli zokulawula, kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa zingathobeka. Oku kuncipha kunciphisa uzinzo lwenkqubo ngokubanzi.
Izixhobo esele zisebenza3-5 iminyakakufuneka zihlolwe ngokucwangcisiweyo ukuvavanya ukusebenza.
Imiba yokuSebenza nokusiNgqongileyo
Iinkcukacha zokusebenza ezibonakala zincinci zinokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho we-weld.
1.Ulungelelwaniso loMsebenzi oMbi okanye iZikhewu
Ukuba iinxalenye zobhedu kunye ne-aluminium azifakwanga ngokuqinileyo, i-arcing yombane inokuthi yenzeke ngexesha lokukhutshwa, okukhokelela kwi-spatter enzima kunye nokushisa kwendawo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka ngokufanelekileyo{0}}phambi kokuba i-welding ibalulekile.
2.Ubushushu obungaqhelekanga okanye iimeko zokufuma
Iindawo eziphakamileyo zokufuma zikhuthaza ukunyuswa kokufuma kwiindawo eziphathekayo, ukukhawulezisa i-oxidation.
Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezicetyiswayo ziquka:
- Ubushushu: 15-30 degree
- Ukufuma: 40%–70%
3.Ukunqongophala kokuLondolozwa kwe-Electrode yeNdlela
Kwiimeko eziqhubekayo zemveliso, ukungaphumeleli ukugcina i-electrode kunokuthoba ngokuthe ngcembe ukusebenza kwe-welding.
Iishedyuli zokuhlolwa kwesiqhelo, ukucocwa kwemihla ngemihla, kunye nokutshintshwa kwamalungu agugileyo ngamaxesha athile kucetyiswa ngamandla.
FAQ
Q: Yintoni ekufuneka ijongwe kuqala xa isitshizi siba sigqithise?
A: Iisetingi zamandla kufuneka zihlaziywe kuqala, ngakumbi ukukhupha amandla kunye nexesha le-weld, njengoko igalelo lobushushu eligqithileyo sesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo.
Umbuzo: Ngaba i-weld discoloration ihlala ibonisa ukusilela kwe-weld?
A: Akunjalo, kodwa ukujika kombala okumandundu kusoloko kubonisa i-oxidation egqithisileyo kwaye kunokuchaphazela ukuthembeka{0}}kwexesha elide.
Umbuzo: Kufuneka zigcinwe kangaphi ii-electrodes?
A: Ukuhlolwa kuyacetyiswa rhoqo3000–5000 imijikelo weld, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemveliso.
Umbuzo: Kutheni iiparamitha ezifanayo zivelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo?
A: Ukwahlukahlukana kwimeko yomphezulu, ukunxiba kwe-electrode, kunye nokufuma kwendalo kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-welding.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukunciphisa i-spatter kunye nokukhusela i-weld discoloration kwi-welding yobhedu-aluminiyam ifuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo kunohlengahlengiso olulodwa. Iziphumo ze-welding ezizinzileyo zixhomekeke kwiiparamitha zamandla alinganayo, ukulungiswa kwendawo efanelekileyo, ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwe-electrode, ukucwangciswa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezilawulwayo.
Kwiindawo ezisebenzayo zokuvelisa, ukulawulwa kwenkqubo ehambelanayo kunye nokugcinwa kwesiqhelo kuphucula kakhulu umgangatho we-weld kunye nokunciphisa ukuhluka kwemveliso. Ngaphaya koko, ukukhetha izixhobo ezinolawulo oluchanekileyo lwamandla, iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo, kunye nokusebenza koomatshini okuzinzileyo kudlala indima ephambili ekuphumezeni amalunga athembekileyo obhedu-aluminiyam.
Kumashishini afana nokugcina amandla, ukwenziwa kweebhetri, kunye nezithuthi zombane, uzinzo lweweld ayingomba wenkangeleko kuphela kodwa yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukusebenza kombane kunye{0}}nokhuseleko lwexesha elide. Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo eqhubekayo kunye nezenzo zogcino ezinengqeqesho zihlala zibalulekile ekuphumezeni imveliso ephezulu kunye nomgangatho wemveliso othembekileyo.
