I-Diffusion Welding vs. Brazing vs. Resistance Welding: Ukukhetha iNkqubo eLungileyo yoQhagamshelwano lweCopper

Kumashishini anamhlanje, ngakumbi kumandla, amandla amatsha, kunye nokuveliswa kombane, uqhagamshelo lobhedu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Basebenza njengama-hubs abalulekileyo okuhanjiswa kwangoku kunye noqhagamshelwano lwesignali, kunye nokusebenza kwabo okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zonke. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha inkqubo yokudibanisa efanelekileyo eqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okungaqhelekanga kunye namandla omatshini wokuqhagamshelwa kobhedu kube ngumngeni ophambili kwiinjineli.

Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga kwiinkqubo ezintathu zokudityaniswa kobhedu:ukusasaza iwelding, ukubhuqa, kunyeukumelana welding, enika uthelekiso olubanzi lwemigaqo yabo yokusebenza, iimpawu zokusebenza, kunye neemfuno zezixhobo. Injongo yethu kukubonelela abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso ngezigqibo ezicacileyo{1}}zokwenza isikhokelo.

Ukuqonda umahluko ophambili phakathi kobu buchwepheshe buthathu bokuwelda, kufuneka siqale sihlolisise imigaqo yabo yokusebenza. Indlela nganye isebenzisa indlela ekhethekileyo yokujoyina amacandelo esinyithi, ukwenza uxhumano oluqinileyo.

I-Diffusion welding bubuchwephesha bokudityaniswa kobume obuphambili- obubonakala ngokukwazi ukubopha imathiriyeli ngaphandle kokunyibilikisa isiseko sesinyithi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusebenzisa amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-0.7 ixesha lokunyibilika kobhedu, okanye 0.5-0.7 Tm) kunye noxinzelelo, oluququzelela ukusasazwa phakathi kwee-athomu kwiindawo zobhedu ezidityanisiweyo, ekugqibeleni zenze i-metallurgical bond.

Oku kudityaniswa kwenqanaba leathom-kukhokelela kulwakhiwo lwemicro oludibeneyo oluphantse lufane nemathiriyeli yomzali, iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kunye nokufana koqhakamshelwano. Ngokunqanda inkqubo yokunyibilika, ukuwelda kwe-diffusion kunciphisa ukwakheka kwendawo{2}}echatshazelwe bubushushu (HAZ), ngokwenjenjalo kuthintelwa imiba efana nokurhabula okuziinkozo okanye ukuthotywa kokusebenza okunokuthi kwenzeke ngokudityaniswa kwe-welding eqhelekileyo.

I-Brazing yindlela esebenzisa intsimbi yokuzalisa enendawo yokunyibilika engaphantsi kuneyo yesiseko sokudibanisa izixhobo zokusebenza. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuqhafaza, iziseko zesinyithi ngokwazo azincibiliki. Endaweni yoko, ubushushu busetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa intsimbi yokuzalisa, ethi ke imanzise imiphezulu yesiseko sesinyithi kwaye iqukuqelele kwisithuba esidibeneyo ngesenzo se-capillary. Ekupholiseni, i-metal filler iqinisa, idala ibhondi eqinile.

Amaqondo obushushu ebrazing jikelele asezantsi kunalawo ewelding edityanisiweyo kodwa aphezulu kunesoldering, iyenza ilungele ukudibanisa isinyithi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nezingafaniyo, ezinomonakalo ongephi wobushushu kwisiseko semathiriyeli.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza komdibaniso kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiipropati zentsimbi ekhethiweyo yokuzalisa kunye nokuhambelana kwayo kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko.

I-Resistance welding yindlela yokudibanisa enyibilikisa isinyithi kwaye ifake uxinzelelo usebenzisa ubushushu obuveliswa kukuxhathisa kombane kwezixhobo zokusebenza ngokwazo. Xa umbane wombane udlula kwiindawo zokudibanisa zamacandelo amabini obhedu ukuba adityaniswe, ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano ngokukhawuleza kuvelisa ukushisa okubalulekileyo kwe-Joule, okubangela ukuba indawo yoqhagamshelwano ifike ngokukhawuleza kwimo etyhidiweyo kwaye yenze i-weld nugget. Emva koko, phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, i-nugget iyaqina ukwenza indawo ye-weld. I-Resistance welding ibonakala ngokufudumeza kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu kwimveliso ezenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwizixhobo zobhedu eziqhuba kakhulu, umbane ophantsi wokumelana nombane ufuna imisinga ephezulu kunye nokulawula okuchanekileyo ukuvelisa ukushisa okwaneleyo ngokufanelekileyo, okokongeza kubunzima benkqubo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuzalisa kuyinkalo ebalulekileyo yokwahlula phakathi kwezi nkqubo zintathu, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza ngokubambisana kunye nobubanzi besicelo.

• I-Diffusion Welding:Le nkqubo ayifuni izinto zokuzalisa. Ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kukusasazwa kweathomu phakathi kwezixhobo zomzali, iqinisekisa ukwakheka okudibeneyo kuhambelana kakhulu nesiseko sesinyithi. Oku kuthintela imiba yokuhambelana okanye ukuthotywa komgangatho wokusebenza okunokuthi kuvele ekwaziseni imathiriyeli yangaphandle.
• Ibrazing:Izinto zokuzalisa zibalulekile ekuqhameni. Iintsimbi ezixhaphakileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubrawuza kuqhagamshelo lobhedu ziquka isilivere{1}esekwe, ikopolo{2}esekwe, okanye iphosphor{3}}ingxubevange yobhedu. Ukhetho lwentsimbi yokuzalisa luchaphazela kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kombane, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokumelana nokubola kwejoyinti ediyiweyo.
• I-Resistance Welding:Le nkqubo ayifuni imathiriyeli yokuzalisa. Inyibilika ngokuthe ngqo iziseko zesinyithi ukwenza udibaniso. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo ezithile ezikhethekileyo, umaleko ophakathi obhityileyo unokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho odibeneyo okanye uququzelele ukudityaniswa kwesinyithi okungafaniyo, nangona oku kungajongwa njengesinyithi esiqhelekileyo sokuzalisa.

Igalelo lobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding kunye nefuthe layo kwi-microstructure ye-microstructure zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni umgangatho odibeneyo kunye-nozinzo lwexesha elide.

• I-Diffusion Welding:Ukufakwa kobushushu kuncinci kwaye kuyafana, kwaye ngenxa yokuba yinkqubo eqinileyo-yemeko, isiseko semathiriyeli asinyibiliki. Oku kukhokelela kwindawo encinci kakhulu, ephantse ingabinamsebenzi, ubushushu-indawo echaphazelekileyo (HAZ), igcina ubume boqobo obuziinkozo kunye neempawu zomatshini wobhedu ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu. Inqanda ukothuka kweenkozo okanye uguquko lwesigaba olubangelwa{4}}kukunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuqina, okubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kwemathiriyeli.
• Ibrazing:Igalelo lobushushu liphezulu kune-welding ye-diffusion kodwa iphantsi kune-fusion welding. Nangona isiseko semathiriyeli singanyibiliki, sifumana ukufudumeza{1}}umjikelo wokupholisa, okukhokelela kubushushu obungaphezulu{2}}kwindawo echaphazelekileyo. Ngaphakathi kwe-HAZ, iinkozo zobhedu zinokufumana ukuchacha, ukwenziwa kwakhona kwekristale, okanye ukukhula, okunokuthi kuchaphazele iipropathi zabo zengingqi.
• I-Resistance Welding:Igalelo lobushushu ligxininiswe kakhulu kwindawo yoqhagamshelwano, kunye namaqondo okushisa aphezulu ngokukhawuleza abangela ukunyibilika kwendawo yezinto ezisisiseko ukwenza i-weld nugget. I-weld nugget kunye ne-HAZ eyijikelezileyo ifudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokupholisa, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekukhuleni okuziinkozo, utshintsho lobunzima, okanye uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza ngokudibeneyo. Ubhedu oluqhuba kakhulu, iimpawu zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza zenza ukubunjwa kunye nokulawulwa kwe-weld nugget kube nzima ngakumbi.

Ukudibanisa ubhedu, ukuhanjiswa kombane kunye namandla omatshini kubaluleke kakhulu. Nantsi indlela iinkqubo ezintathu ezithelekisa ngayo.

Umbane obalaseleyo weCopper luphawu lwayo, kwaye nayiphi na inkqubo yokudibanisa kufuneka izame ukuyigcina le nto. Ukuqhuba ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa njengepesenti ye-International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS%), kunye nobhedu olucocekileyo malunga ne-100% ye-IACS.

I-Diffusion Welding:

• I-Conductivity: Iphumeza ukuhanjiswa kombane kufutshane naleyo yemathiriyeli yomzali, kaninzi yi-98% okanye i-100% ye-IACS.
• Isizathu: Okuqinileyo-indalo yelizwe, akukho mathiriyeli yangaphandle, i-microstructure ehambelana nesiseko sesinyithi.
• I-Advantes: Yehlisa ilahleko yokuxhathisa, ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto kusetyenziso oluphezulu-langoku kunye noluphezulu{1}}lokuphindaphinda.
• Usetyenziso: Ibalulekile kwiipakethi zebhetri yemoto yamandla amatsha,{0}}isixhobo sokutshintsha amandla ombane aphezulu, kunye nezixhobo zombane ezichanekileyo apho ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kubalulekile. Isixhobo sokuwelda ubhedu lolona khetho luphambili kwezo zicelo zinzima.

Ibrazing:

• I-Conductivity: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa i-conductivity ephantsi kunempahla yomzali, ukusuka malunga ne-40% ukuya kwi-80% ye-IACS.
• Isizathu: Kuxhomekeke kwintsimbi yokuzalisa; izinto ezidibanisayo zinokunyusa ukuxhathisa.
• Impembelelo: Ikhokelela ekulahlekeni kwamandla kunye nokunyuka kobushushu. Yamkelekile kuqhagamshelo lombane jikelele, kodwa umqobo kumandla{1}aphezulu okanye usetyenziso oluchanekileyo.

I-Resistance Welding:

• I-Conductivity: Ilungile ngokomlinganiselo, ifikelela kwi-90% ukuya kwi-95% ye-IACS yezinto zomzali .
• Isizathu: Yenza i-weld nugget kunye neenguqu ze-microstructural; icandelo eliphambili lihlala lubhedu.
• Iingqwalasela: Ubungakanani be-weld nugget, imilo, kunye ne-HAZ inokuphembelela ukufana kwe-conductivity ngokubanzi. Isithuba esongezelelweyo{{1}kunyango lwe-weld lunokufuneka ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwezinye iimeko.

Ngaphandle kwe-conductivity, amandla omatshini wokudibanisa ubhedu kubalulekile ukuthembeka phantsi kwemithwalo yangaphandle kunye nokungcangcazela.

Ukukhetha inkqubo ye-welding ikwabandakanya ukuvavanya utyalo-mali lwezixhobo kunye nobunzima bokusebenza.

I-Diffusion Welding:

• Izixhobo: Ifuna olona tyalo-mali luphezulu lwezixhobo, olufuna umatshini wokuwelda okhethekileyo.
• Iimfuno zoomatshini: Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu (kaninzi luphantsi kwevacuum okanye umoya okhuselayo),{0}}iinkqubo ezichanekileyo zokulayisha uxinzelelo, kunye nesakhono sokubamba ixesha elide.
• Iindleko kunye nokusebenza: Iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali ziphezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kunzima, kufuna amagcisa anezakhono.
• Isizathu: Ilungelelaniswa{0}}nezicelo eziphezulu ezifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka.

Ibrazing:

• Izixhobo: Ilula kakhulu kwaye yahluka kakhulu (idangatye, ukufakwa, i-vacuum brazing furnaces).
• Iindleko & nokusebenza: Iindleko zezixhobo ziphantsi ngokuthelekisayo, kwaye umsebenzi ubhetyebhetye ngakumbi, ulungele izikali ezahlukeneyo zemveliso.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle: I-Induction kunye ne-furnace brazing ingenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze isebenze kakuhle.

I-Resistance Welding:

• Izixhobo: Iyahluka ngokubanzi, ukusuka kwi-welders elula ukuya kwimigca ezenzekelayo.
• Iindleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle: Iindleko zezixhobo zimodareyitha, zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
• IiNkcazo zeCopper: Ukumelana nobhedu lwe-welding, izixhobo eziphezulu zangoku kunye noxinzelelo zifunekayo ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu yobhedu. Ukunxitywa kwe-Electrode yinkxalabo efuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo.

Ngaphandle kotyalo-mali oluphezulu lokuqala, izixhobo zokuwelda ubhedu zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kwizicelo ezithile:

• Akukho kunyibilika, akukho kuNyibilika: Kunqanda umsi, isitshizi, kunye nokonakala, kuyenza ikhuseleke kwendalo kwaye ishenxise ukucoca isithuba{0}}sentsimbi.
• Ukuchaneka okuPhezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu: Iphumeza ukuchaneka koqhagamshelwano lwe-micron -, ilungele ukuchaneka kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye -nezakhiwo zomaleko (umzekelo, iibhodi zesekethe eziguquguqukayo ukuya kwi-copper busbar uqhagamshelwano oluthambileyo).
• UkuDityaniswa kwezinto eziDityanisiweyo: Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, zinokujoyina ngokuthembekileyo iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezinomgangatho ophezulu webhondi.
• I-Ultra-Ukunyangwa okuPhantsi koQhagamshelwano: Le yinzuzo engundoqo yokhuphiswano ekuhanjisweni kwamandla, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo.

Abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso kufuneka balinganise iimfuno ezithile zemveliso, isikali semveliso, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali xa bekhetha inkqubo yokuwelda.

• UkuSebenza okugqibeleleyo kunye nokuthembeka(umz., iZithuthi zaMandla amatsha,{2}}uThutho lwaMandla oMbane oPhezulu, iAerospace):

1. Xa imveliso yakho ifuna iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuqhuba kombane, amandla omatshini, kunye{0}}nozinzo lwexesha elide, kwaye utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwezixhobo zokuqala lwamkelekile, i-welding yosasazo ngokungathandabuzekiyo lolona khetho lufanelekileyo.
2. Ibonelela ngoqhagamshelo olusondeleyo ekusebenzeni kwemathiriyeli yomzali, ngakumbi ilungele{0}imidibaniso yangoku yebhasi yebhasi ephezulu kunye nezixhobo ezichanekileyo ezinobuthathaka kuguquko lobushushu.
3. Cinga ngomatshini we-welding we-diffusion vs brazing okanye ukumelana ne-welding kwezi zicelo ezibalulekileyo.

• Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kunye neendleko(umzekelo, iZixhobo zoMbane ngokuBanzi, iziXhobo zaseKhaya):

1. Ukuba isicelo sakho sidinga ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-conductivity kunye namandla, ngelixa kufuneka kwakhona ukulinganisela iindleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukuqhayisa kuyindlela ekhulileyo kunye neyoqoqosho.
2. Ukudibanisa okuthembekileyo kunokufezekiswa ngokukhetha isinyithi esifanelekileyo sokuzalisa kunye neenkqubo.

• Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye neMveliso yeMisa(umzekelo, iiTabhu zebhetri, izixhobo zoMbane eziNcinane):

1. Kusetyenziso olufuna ukukhawuleza,-imveliso yevolyum ephezulu, apho iziqhagamshelo zincinci kwaye zingenabuntununtunu kwigalelo lobushushu lasekhaya, ukuxhathisa ukuwelda kunika iinzuzo ezisebenzayo.
2. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokulungiswa kobhedu kunye nokugcinwa kwe-electrode kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukudibanisa i-welding, ibrazing, kunye ne-resistance welding nganye inamandla ahlukileyo kwaye idlala indima eyahlukileyo kwizicelo zoqhagamshelo lobhedu.

• I-welding ye-diffusion, kunye ne-conductivity yombane ekhethekileyo, amandla omatshini athelekiseka nemathiriyeli yomzali, kunye nobushushu obuncinane-indawo echatshazelweyo, bugqame njengokhetho olukhethwayo -lokusebenza okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu{2}}kwezicelo, ngakumbi kumandla amatsha kunye namandla ombane ombane.
• I-Brazing, kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo kunye-nexabiso elifanelekileyo, igcina indawo yayo kuqhagamshelwano ngokubanzi.
• I-Resistance welding, iphakamisa ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yobuninzi.

Abasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso kufuneka baqwalasele ngokubanzi imiba eyahlukeneyo esekwe kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo zemveliso yabo ukukhetha eyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokudibanisa ubhedu, ngaloo ndlela beqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokhuphiswano lwemarike.

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