Ulawulo loxinzelelo lomatshini we-Capacitor Welding: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lulimaza njani umgangatho we-Weld kunye noBuchule bokuPhucula

Kwimveliso yanamhlanje,umatshini welding we-capacitor, kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo zokukhutshwa okuphezulu{0}kwangoku kwangoku, bonisa ukusebenza kakuhle okubalaseleyo kwe-welding namandla{1}okugcina okuluncedo kuwo wonke amacandelo ahlukeneyo, aquka ombane, ukwenziwa kweemoto, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwehardware. Aba matshini bagcina amandla ombane kwii-capacitors kwaye emva koko bakhulule ngokukhawuleza ukufezekisa ukufudumeza okukhawulezileyo kunye nokudibanisa kwezinto zokusebenza.

Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abaqhubi bahlala beyijongela indima ebalulekileyo yoxinzelelo lwe-electrode kwinkqubo ye-welding. Iisetingi zoxinzelelo lwe-electrode ezingafanelekanga, ngakumbi uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, zinokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukubunjwa kwe-weld nugget kunye namandla, kwaye kunokukhokelela kuthotho lwemiba entsonkothileyo yomgangatho we-weld, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukusebenza ngokubanzi kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso.

Ngexesha lomatshini we-capacitor welding, uxinzelelo lwe-electrode luyimfuneko yomzimba edibanisa i-workpiece kwi-electrode. Inquma ngokuthe ngqo ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano kwindawo ye-welding kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kobushushu. Ukuwelda kuxhomekeke kubushushu beJoule (Q=I²Rt) ukunyibilikisa iworkpiece kwaye yenze i-weld nugget.

Kule nkqubo,yangoku (I), ukuxhathisa (R), kunye nexesha (t)zizinto ezintathu eziphambili. Uxinzelelo lwe-Electrode ngokungathanga ngqo lulawula ukuveliswa kobushushu kunye nokusabalalisa ngokuchaphazela ukuchasana noqhagamshelwano (R).

Xa i-electrode ifaka uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kwi-workpiece, iqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano oluhle lombane phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza kunye naphakathi kwezinto zokusebenza kunye nee-electrodes. Oku kuvelisa ukuchasana okufanelekileyo koqhagamshelwano, okuvumela ubushushu ukuba buqokelele ngokukhawuleza ekukhutshweni kwangoku ukwenza i-weld nugget ezinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa uxinzelelo luphambuka kuluhlu olufanelekileyo, le bhalansi ebuthathaka iyaphazamiseka, ekhokelela ekwehleni komgangatho we-weld.

Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwe-electrode alusoloko lukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono ze-welding. Ngokuchasene noko, inokuba ngumbulali ofihlakeleyo womgangatho we-CD weld, ekhokelela kwezi ntlobo zine ziqhelekileyo zeziphene:

• Indlela yobuGcisa:Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwe-electrode lunyusa kakhulu indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-electrode kunye ne-workpiece. NgokoMthetho ka-Ohm kunye noMthetho kaJoule, ukunyuka kwendawo yokudibanisa kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubuninzi bangoku (J) kwindawo yeyunithi, ngelixa ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano (R) kuyancipha. Kuba ubushushu bewelding bulingana nesikwere sangoku kunye noxhathiso (Q=I²R), ukuncitshiswa kokuchasana kunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuveliswa kobushushu kwindawo yokuwelda. Ubushushu obungonelanga buthintela i-workpiece ekunyibilikeni ngokupheleleyo, okukhokelela kubungakanani be-weld nugget encinci kakhulu kunoko bekulindelekile. Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa uxinzelelo lwe-electrode lugqithise kuluhlu olufanelekileyo ngama-20%, i-weld nugget diameter inokuncipha nge-10% ukuya kwi-15%.
• Iimpawu ezibonakalayo:IWelds ibonakala ngathi "ingaphantsi" okanye "ngaphantsi{0}}ingene." Ngexesha lovavanyo lokuqina okanye lokucheba, amandla adibeneyo angasilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo, okanye abe namava okwaphuka kwangaphambi kwexesha, okubeke esichengeni isidima solwakhiwo kunye nomthwalo{2}}ukuthwala umthamo wemveliso.

• Umgaqo weThermodynamic:Phantsi{{0}iimeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, izinga lokufuduswa kobushushu ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza ukuya kwi-electrode iyakhawuleza. Oku kubonelela ngokufanelekileyo indlela esebenzayo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwindawo ye-welding. Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okukhawulezayo kuthintela indawo ye-welding engundoqo ekuqokeleleni ukushisa okwaneleyo ukunyibilika, kubangela ukuba i-workpiece iphole kwaye iqine phambi kokudibanisa okupheleleyo. Le nto yaziwa ngokuba "i-welding ebandayo."
• Iimpawu zoMgangatho:Iiwelds ezibandayo zibonisa ukurhabaxa, ukurhawuzelela, "slag-like" inkangeleko, kunye{1}}nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi olungaxineneyo kunye neenkozo ezirhabaxa. Oku kukhokelela ekuqineni kwamalungu amabi kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu amandla. Kwezinye izicelo, amandla okucheba angancitshiswa nge-15% ukuya kwi-20% xa kuthelekiswa ne-welds eqhelekileyo.

• Izinto ezibangelwa ngumzimba:Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwe-electrode ludala ukugxininiswa kwendawo yoxinzelelo kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa i-welding yangoku idlula, isinyithi esigqithisiweyo sasekhaya, phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, sithambekele kwi-deformation yeplastiki kunye nokugxothwa ngaphandle, ukwenza i-spatter yesinyithi (ukugxothwa). Kwangaxeshanye, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunokushiya ukujongwa okubonakalayo kufutshane nendawo ye-weld, echaphazela isibheno sobuhle bemveliso.
• Umgangatho womphezulu:Ukugxothwa akungcolisi izixhobo kunye nendawo yokusebenza kuphela kodwa kunokwenza iibhula ezibukhali ezijikeleze indawo ye-weld, zichaphazele ukudibanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo. I-indentations enzulu, kwelinye icala, yenza buthathaka ubungqingqwa obusebenzayo bomsebenzi, ukudala amanqaku oxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okudinwa. Imigangatho yoShishino ngokubanzi ithatha ubunzulu bobunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-15% ukuya kwi-20% yobukhulu beshiti njengesiphene esimandla.

Uxinzelelo oluphezulu aluphazamisi kuphela umgangatho we-weld kodwa lukwanyusa isantya sokunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwezixhobo zokuwelda. I-Electrodes ephantsi koxinzelelo olugqithisileyo namava oxinzelelo olukhulu lomatshini, olukhokelela ekuguqulweni ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuguga kweengcebiso ze-electrode, ezifuna ukunxitywa rhoqo okanye ukutshintshwa. Ngaphaya koko, iisistim zoxinzelelo lwehydraulic okanye ipneumatic ezisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo enzima ende ziya kufumana ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kwamacandelo abalulekileyo anje ngetywina kunye neevalvu, ukonyuka kwamazinga okusilela kwesixhobo kunye neendleko zokulondolozwa, ngokwenjenjalo kucutha ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo.

Ukoyisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokufezekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-CD welding, ulawulo lweparameter yesayensi kunye nenkqubo kunye nesicwangciso sokuphucula siyafuneka.

Iisetingi zoxinzelelo lwe-Electrode azimi; kufuneka zilungiswe ngokucokisekileyo ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ubukhulu, kunye nokuhamba kombane kwendawo yokusebenza. Ngezantsi luluhlu lweereferensi ezisekelwe kumava asebenzayo:

Kwizixhobo zokuqhuba kakhulu, ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okukhawulezayo, kuye kufuneke ukuba kufakwe uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-electrode kunezixhobo ezingaphantsi komgangatho ofanayo ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukudibana. Ngaxeshanye, i-welding current kufuneka inyuswe ukuqinisekisa igalelo elaneleyo lokushisa. Ngokomzekelo, xa u-welding ubhedu, uxinzelelo lunokufuneka lunyuswe nge-20% ukuya kwi-30%, kunye nokunyuka okuhambelanayo kwi-welding current ye-15% ukuya kwi-25%.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Electrode, i-welding current, kunye nexesha le-welding ziyahambelana. Xa uxinzelelo luhlengahlengiswa, ezinye iiparitha kufuneka zihlawulwe ngamandla ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi ye-thermal kwindawo ye-welding.

• Uhlengahlengiso lwangoku:Xa uxinzelelo lwe-electrode lukhula ngenxa yeempawu eziphathekayo okanye iimfuno zenkqubo, i-welding current kufuneka inyuswe ngokulinganayo nge-10% ukuya kwi-20%. Oku kuhlawulela ukuveliswa kobushushu obuncitshisiweyo obubangelwa kukunganyangeki okuncinci, ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani be-weld nugget kunye namandla. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uxinzelelo lwanda nge-10%, ukunyuka kwangoku kwangoku kwe-5% ukuya kwi-8% kunokuqwalaselwa.
• Imbuyekezo yexesha:Ukwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ixesha lokukhutshwa (ngokuqhelekileyo nge-5 ukuya kwi-10 milliseconds) kuvumela ixesha elingakumbi lokuqokelela ubushushu. Oku kunceda ngokukodwa kwiimeko apho uxinzelelo oluphezulu lukhawuleza ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, igalelo ekwenziweni kwe-weld nugget enamandla ngakumbi.
• UPhuculo lweNkqubo:Ukusebenzisa "ishedyuli ethambileyo" (oko kukuthi, ixesha eliphantsi langoku kunye nexesha elide lokukhupha) kunye noxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ukugxothwa kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwendawo ye-weld. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "ishedyuli enzima" (ixesha eliphezulu, ixesha elifutshane) lifuna ukuchaneka okukhulu ekufaniseni uxinzelelo.

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo zokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekiswa okungqongqo komgangatho kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho weCD welding.

• Ulawulo lwe-Electrode:Hlola rhoqo i-electrodes yokunxiba kwaye wenze i-polish okanye i-dressing ukuze ugcine imilo efanelekileyo kunye nendawo yoqhagamshelwano ye-electrode tip. Ii-electrode ezigugileyo zikhokelela kuxhathiso olungazinzanga, oluchaphazela umgangatho we-weld.
• Ulungelelwaniso lweNkqubo:Ngamaxesha athile ukulinganisa inkqubo yoxinzelelo lwe-CD welder ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuchaneka kwemveliso yayo yoxinzelelo, ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna uluhlu lokunyamezela ngaphakathi kwe-± 5%.
• Ukubeka iliso kwiCandelo:Jonga ngokusondeleyo iipateni zokunxiba kwiinkqubo zoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic okanye ipneumatic, ezinjengeesilinda, iivalvu, kunye nemibhobho. Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza amacandelo okuguga ukuthintela ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo okubangelwa kukwehla kwenkqubo yokusebenza.
• UHlolo oluBonakalayo:Emva kweweld nganye, abaqhubi kufuneka bajonge ngokubonakalayo indawo ye-weld ukujula, ubukho bokugxothwa, kunye nokufana kwenkangeleko ye-weld. Ukungeniswa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukugxothwa zizalathisi ezithe ngqo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Uvavanyo loomatshini:Yenza iimvavanyo zesiqhelo zokucheba, iimvavanyo zokuqina, kunye nolunye uvavanyo lokusebenza koomatshini ukuqinisekisa ngokobungakanani amandla adibeneyo kunye nokuthembeka kweendawo ze-weld. Kwiimeko zokungonelanga kokwakheka kwe-nugget okanye amandla angaphantsi, zama ukunciphisa uxinzelelo nge-5% ukuya kwi-10% ngelixa unyusa okwangoku nge-10% ukuya kwi-15% yokuphucula.

Ulawulo oluyimpumelelo lweeparitha zoxinzelelo lwe-CD welder lufuna isakhelo sokuphunyezwa esicwangcisiweyo sokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ongaguqukiyo:

• Misela isiseko seDatha seParameter:Phuhlisa isiseko sedatha eneenkcukacha zeeparamitha ze-welding zokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu, kunye neemfuno ze-welding. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye uxinzelelo lwe-electrode ecetyiswayo, i-welding current, kunye nexesha. Le datha kufuneka ithathwe kukuqinisekiswa kovavanyo kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso.
• Indlela yoLungiso oloNgeziweyo:Xa ulungiselela iiparamitha, sebenzisa "amanyathelo amancinci, iiteration ngokukhawuleza". Ulungelelwaniso ngalunye kufuneka lukhawulelwe ngaphakathi kwe-5%, kwaye impembelelo yalo kumgangatho we-weld kufuneka ibonwe. Gwema uhlengahlengiso olukhulu, olungaboniyo.
• Iingxelo zeNkqubo eneenkcukacha:Gcina iirekhodi zenkqubo ye-welding eneenkcukacha kwibhetshi nganye okanye imodeli yemveliso, kubandakanywa iiparamitha ezisetyenzisiweyo, iziphumo zokuhlola umgangatho, kunye neengxaki ezijongene nezisombululo zabo. Oku kunceda ekulandeleleni kunye nokuphucula okuqhubekayo.
• Uqinisekiso lokuSebenza rhoqo kweSixhobo:Ukongeza kugcino lwemihla ngemihla, qhuba ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okubanzi kwe-CD welder ngezikhathi ezithile, kubandakanywa nokuchaneka kweenzwa zoxinzelelo, iziphumo zangoku kunye nokulawula ixesha.
• Uqeqesho lwabaSebenzisi:Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho lobuchwephesha kubaqhubi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayiqonda ngokupheleleyo impembelelo yoxinzelelo lwe-electrode kumgangatho we-weld, iindlela ezichanekileyo zokumisela iparameter, iindlela zokusombulula ingxaki, kunye nemigangatho yokuhlola umgangatho.

Ukuqukumbela

Uxinzelelo lwe-Electrode, njengenye yeeparitha eziphambili kwiinkqubo ze-CD welding, inquma ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-weld. Uxinzelelo olugqithileyo alukhokeleli kuphela ekunciphiseni ubungakanani be-weld nugget kunye nokuncipha kwamandla adibeneyo kodwa kwakhona kubangela uthotho lwemiba esemgangathweni efana ne "cold welds," ukugxothwa kwentsimbi, kunye nokufakwa ngokugqithisileyo, okunokukhawuleza ukunxiba izixhobo. Ngokuseta ngokwesayensi uxinzelelo lwe-electrode, ukulungelelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo kwe-welding yangoku kunye nexesha, kunye nokuphumeza ukugcinwa okungqongqo kothintelo kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho, abavelisi banokuthomalalisa le mingcipheko ngokufanelekileyo, baphucule kakhulu uzinzo lwenkqubo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yeCD welding.

Ukukhulula ngokupheleleyo amandla okusebenza kwee-CD welders kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise la manyathelo okuphucula ubugcisa kunye nokulinganisa izixhobo zobuchwephesha kunye neenkqubo eziqhubekayo zoqeqesho lwabaqhubi. Kuphela ngale ndlela ibanzi apho yonke i-weld inokufumana amandla afanelekileyo kunye nokuthembeka, ukubonelela ngokhuphiswano oluzinzileyo kumashishini.

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