Kwimveliso yanamhlanje,ukuchasa umatshini weldings zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumacandelo afana neemoto, imveliso yezixhobo, kunye ne-aerospace, ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwazo, uzinzo kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuwelda ivelisa ubushushu obukhulu, ngakumbi kwizinto ezingundoqo ezifana nee-electrode, i-transformer, kunye ne-Silicon Controlled Rectifier.
Ukuba obu bushushu abuchithwanga ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhawulezileyo, bunokukhokelela kwisixhobo sokufudumeza ngokugqithisileyo, umgangatho we-weld ongazinzanga, kunye nomonakalo osisigxina. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokupholisa esebenzayo nethembekileyo, ngakumbi i-industrial chiller ehamba kunye, "yindlela yokuphila" eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwe-welder yokumelana.
Eli nqaku libonelela ngesikhokelo esineenkcukacha malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kweenkqubo zokupholisa i-welder, enikezela ngedatha egunyazisiweyo kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo ukukunceda ufezekise imisebenzi ye-welding ezinzileyo kwaye esebenza kakhulu.
I. Umsebenzi ongundoqo kunye noKhetho lwezeNzululwazi
Umsebenzi ophambili wenkqubo yokupholisa i-welder ye-resistance kukususa umthwalo wokushisa owenziwe ngexesha le-welding kunye nokugcina amacandelo angundoqo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokushisa ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza. Ukupholisa okungonelanga kunokukhokelela ekunxityweni kwe-electrode ekhawulezileyo, ukuguga kwe-transformer insulation, kunye nokusilela kwecandelo le-SCR.
1. Amacandelo angundoqo weNkqubo yokuPholisa
Inkqubo yokupholisa i-welder epheleleyo ibandakanya:
- I-Industrial Chiller: Undoqo wesixokelelwano, ibonelela{0}}ubushushu obuphantsi obujikelezayo ngamanzi okupholisa.
- Impompo yaManzi: Ibonelela ngamandla okujikeleza ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okupholisayo okwaneleyo kunye noxinzelelo.
- Imibhobho kunye noQhagamshelwano: Idibanisa i-chiller kwi-welder, ukuthutha indawo yokupholisa.
- Isihluzi: Sihluza ukungcola emanzini, ukukhusela imibhobho kunye neesekethe zangaphakathi zamanzi zangaphakathi ze-welder.
- Inkqubo yokuJonga noLawulo loMgangatho waManzi: Ixesha lokwenyani{0}}lokujongwa kobushushu bamanzi, uxinzelelo, kunye nomgangatho.
2. IiParameters eziNtathu ezingundoqo zoKhetho lweNzululwazi
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthamo wokupholisa uhambelana ngokuchanekileyo nomthwalo wobushushu bomtshisi, iiparamitha ezintathu ezingundoqo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngexesha lokhetho, ezingundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwesixhobo{0}}sexesha elide:
| IParameter engundoqo | Umgangatho oCetyisiweyo (iReferensi ye-GB 15578-2008) | Umsebenzi obalulekileyo |
| Ukupholisa Umthamo | Kufuneka ibe 1.2 umphinda-phindene wobushushu bomthwalo wewelder (20% margin) | Imisela ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa kwaye inqanda i-chiller ekulayisheni{0}}ixesha elide. |
| Umgangatho wohambo | I-Spot Spot Welders: Iilitha ezi-5-10 / min (L / min) Ii-Welders ze-Frequency eziPhakathi: 10-15 ilitha / min (L / min) | Uqinisekisa ubushushu bususwe ngokukhawuleza; ukuhamba okungonelanga yimbangela ephambili ye-electrode overheating. |
| Uxinzelelo | Uxinzelelo lokungena kufuneka lugcinwe phakathi kwe-0.15 MPa kunye ne-0.3 MPa | Iqinisekisa isantya esigudileyo samanzi kunye nokujikeleza. Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lukhokelela ekuhambeni okunganeleyo; uxinzelelo oluphezulu lungonakalisa amatywina. |
Ireferensi yeDatha eGunyaziweyo: Ngokusekelwe kumava oshishino, i-alternating Current (AC) i-resistance welder ifuna umlinganiselo opheleleyo wokupholisa amanzi okupholisa malunga ne-4-8 Gallons ngomzuzu (GPM), oguqulela malunga ne-15-30 Litre / min, ngokuxhomekeke kumandla kunye nomsebenzi we-welder.
II. Ufakelo olululo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho waManzi: Ingqalelo kwiiNkcukacha
Ufakelo kunye nolawulo lobulunga bamanzi zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezimisela-ukusebenza kwexesha elide lenkqubo yokupholisa.
1. UYilo lweMibhobho yobuNgcali kunye noFakelo
- UmGaqo wokuBopha:Imigca yokupholisa kufuneka ibambelele kumgaqo "omfutshane, othe tye, kunye nomncinci" ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukuhamba kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umyinge wokuhamba ofunekayo ufezekisiwe.
- Ukukhethwa kwezinto:ICorrosion{0}}iyaxhathisa kunye noxinzelelo{1}}imibhobho ekalisiweyo okanye imibhobho eqinileyo iyacetyiswa. Qinisekisa ukuba lonke uqhagamshelo luvalwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuvuza.
- Ukukhupha umoya kunye nokukhupha amanzi:Fakela ivelufa yokukhupha umoya kweyona ndawo iphezulu yombhobho kunye nevalve yokukhupha amanzi kweyona ndawo iphantsi ukuze kube lula ukukhutshwa komoya ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nokugqibezela ukukhupha amanzi ngexesha{0}lokuvalwa kwexesha elide.
- ukuhlohla kwesihluzi:Faka isihluzo esichanekileyo phakathi kwe-chiller kunye ne-welder. Hlola rhoqo kwaye ubeke indawo yesihluzi ukuthintela iisekethe zangaphakathi zamanzi ukuba zingavalwa ngamasuntswana.
2. ImiGangatho engqongqo yoLawulo loMgangatho waManzi
Umgangatho wamanzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwisixokelelwano sokupholisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwempompo yamanzi aqhelekileyo kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwesikali, ukukhula kwe-algae, kunye nomhlwa, ukubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nobomi besixhobo.
| Isalathisi soMgangatho waManzi | Umgangatho ocetyiswayo | Impembelelo kunye neziphumo |
| Phakathi | Amanzi athanjisiweyo okanye aDibanisiweyo (aManzi asulungekileyo oShishino) | Ikhusela ukwakhiwa kwesikali kwiindonga zangaphakathi ze-electrode kunye neesekethe zamanzi ze-transformer, njengoko isikali sinciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. |
| Ixabiso le-pH | 6.5 ukuya ku-8.0 (I-alkaline kancinane) | I-pH ephantsi (i-acidic) ibangela ukubola; i-pH ephezulu (i-alkaline enamandla) inokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwesikali. |
| Ukuqhuba | Kucetyiswa ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwe-100 μS / cm | I-conductivity ephezulu yonyusa umngcipheko wokuvuza kombane, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakathi okanye eziphezulu{0}}zeziweldi zefrikhwensi, ezichaphazela ukusebenza kobushushu. |
| Ubushushu baManzi | Ubushushu bokungena akufanele budlule i-30 degree | Gcina ubushushu bamanzi phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-30 degree; olona bushushu bokusebenza budla ngokusetwa phakathi kwama-20 kunye nama-25 degrees. |
Ingcebiso: Vavanya ixabiso le-pH yamanzi okupholisa kunye nokuqhuba ubuncinane ngenyanga. Yongeza izixa ezifanelekileyo ze-corrosion kunye ne-scale inhibitors njengoko kuyimfuneko, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe ngokupheleleyo amanzi okupholisa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3-6.
III. IiNkqubo zokuSebenza eziMgangatho (SOP) kunye nokuBeka iliso
Ukubambelela kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezichanekileyo kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokupholisa kwaye kwandisa ubomi besixhobo.
1. Ukuqalisa kunye nokuvala ulandelelwano
Ukulandela ngokungqongqo ulandelelwano oluchanekileyo kubalulekile kukhuseleko lwesixhobo:
| Isenzo | Ulandelelwano | Injongo |
| Ukuqala eqala | Chiller Kuqala → Impompo → Isitshisi | Uqinisekisa ukuba amanzi okupholisa ajikeleza ngokuzinzileyo kwaye afikelele kwiqondo lobushushu elibekiweyo phambi kokuba i-welder iqalise ukusebenza. |
| Cima | IWelder Kuqala → Isicinezeli → Impompo | Emva kokuba i-welder iyekile, impompo kufuneka iqhubeke isebenza kangangethuba elithile (malunga nemizuzu eyi-{0}-15) ukususa ubushushu obushiyekileyo kwaye kuthintelwe ukufudumeza kwendawo. |
2. Ukubekw'esweni kweMihla yonke yeeParamitha eziPhambili
Abasebenzisi kufuneka bajonge ezi parameters zilandelayo ngexesha lokwenyani{0}} besebenzisa isiboniso se chiller okanye igeyiji zangaphandle:
- Ubushushu: Qinisekisa ukuba ubushushu bamanzi aphumayo alidluli kwi-degrees ezingama-30, kwaye umahluko weqondo lobushushu (inlet vs. outlet) uhlala ngaphakathi kwe-5 degree.
- Inqanaba lokuHamba: Ufundo lwemitha yokuqukuqela kufuneka luhlale luphakathi koluhlu olukhuselekileyo oluchaziweyo lomenzi.
- Uxinzelelo: Umlinganiselo wokulinganisa uxinzelelo kufuneka uzinzile phakathi kwe-0.15 kunye ne-0.3 MPa.
Isilumkiso: Ukuba nayiphi na iparamitha ingaphezulu kwemida yokhuseleko, yimisa ngoko nangoko isitshisi kwaye uhlole isixokelelwano sokupholisa.
IV. ULondolozo loThintelo kunye noLawulo lwamaxesha onyaka
Ukugcinwa okusebenzayo kokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo kuthintela ukungaphumeleli okungalindelekanga kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokunciphisa ixesha.
1. Uluhlu lokuHlola
| Umjikelo | Into yesondlo | Injongo kunye noMsebenzi |
| Yonke imihla | Jonga inqanaba ledama lamanzi, imibhobho yokuvuza, kunye nofundo lwegeyiji yoxinzelelo. | Uqinisekisa ukuba isixokelelwano sisebenza ngesiqhelo kwaye sibhaqa ngokukhawuleza iindawo ezivuzayo. |
| Ngenyanga | Coca izihluzi zomoya, jonga umgangatho wamanzi (pH/Conductivity), kwaye ulungelelanise ithemometha. | Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuchitha ubushushu kwi-chiller kwaye ilawula umgangatho wamanzi. |
| Ngekota | Coca i-condenser ({0}}imifuziselo epholileyo yomoya), jonga ingxolo yesicinezeli kunye nenqanaba le-oyile. | Iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshintshiselana kobushushu kwaye yandisa ubomi becompressor. |
| Ngesiqingatha-Ngonyaka | Coca ngokucokisekileyo i-evaporator kunye nedama, buyisela amanzi okupholisa, kwaye uhlolisise zonke iintambo zombane. | Ukuphelisa isikali kunye nokungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo, kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lombane. |
2. IQhinga lokuKhusela uMkhenkce eBusika
Kwimimandla apho amaqondo obushushu asezantsi ehla ngaphantsi kwe-5℃(41 degrees F), amanyathelo okhuseleko lomkhenkce anyanzelekile:
- Yongeza i-Antifreeze: Yongeza i-industrial-ibakala le-Ethylene Glycol (Glycol) isithinteli sokukhenkceza kumanzi okupholisa. Ugxininiso kufuneka luhlengahlengiswe ngokusekelwe kwiqondo lokushisa elincinci lendawo, kodwa ngokubanzi akufanele lidlule i-30%.
- Gqibezela Ukucoca: Ukuba isixhobo sivaliwe ixesha elide, onke amanzi kufuneka akhutshwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-chiller, impompo, kunye neesekethe zangaphakathi ze-welder, kwaye imigca kufuneka ivuthelwe yome ngomoya ocinezelweyo.
- I-Insulation: Yigqume yonke imibhobho eveziweyo yangaphandle.
V. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo
Ukuqonda ukungaphumeleli okuqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo zabo kunceda abaqhubi ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela imveliso.
| Ukusilela Uphawu | Unobangela Onokwenzeka | Isisombululo |
| Ubushushu baManzi buyaqhubeka buphakama |
1. Icondenser engcoliswe kakhulu luthuli (umoya-imifuziselo epholileyo). 2. Ukuhamba kwamanzi okupholisa okungonelanga. 3. Umthamo we-Chiller ungaphantsi (ukhetho olungalunganga). |
1. Coca ngokucokisekileyo amaphiko e-condenser. 2. Jonga uxinzelelo lwempompo, isihluzo esicacileyo okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho. 3. Ukunciphisa umjikelo we-welder duty okanye endaweni kunye ne-chiller yomthamo omkhulu. |
| I-Alarm ehambayo / uxinzelelo oluphantsi |
1. Ukungaphumeleli kwempompo okanye ukujikeleza okubuyiselwe umva. 2. Isihluzo esivaliweyo. 3. Ukulinganisa kakhulu okanye ukuvaleka kwisekethe yamanzi yangaphakathi ye-welder. |
1. Khangela iingcingo zempompo kunye nesimo sokusebenza. 2. Coca okanye ufake indawo yesihluzi. 3. Sebenzisa ii-agent ezikhethekileyo zokucoca ukuthoba isekethe yamanzi ye-welder. |
| Amanzi anaMafu okanye Ayanuka |
1. I-algae okanye ukukhula kwe-microbial. 2. Ukonakala kwemibhobho okanye ukungcola okugqithisileyo. |
1. Faka indawo yamanzi okupholisa kwaye wongeze i-biocide. 2. Khangela ixabiso le-pH, yongeza i-corrosion inhibitor, kwaye ucoce ngokucokisekileyo i-reservoir. |
| Iijiyile zeCompressor rhoqo |
1. Ubume beqondo lobushushu buncinci kakhulu. 2. Ukuchithwa kakubi kobushushu okanye ukuvuza kwefriji. |
1. Yandisa isethingi yokwahluka kobushushu (umzekelo, i-3℃-5 degree). 2. Hlola i-condenser; qhagamshelana nochwepheshe ukujonga intlawulo yefriji. |
Ukuqukumbela
Ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo yokupholisa i-welder imele utyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho we-weld, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nokwandisa ubomi besixhobo. Ngokusebenzisa ukhetho lwesayensi, ufakelo olufanelekileyo, ulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokugcinwa okusebenzayo kokuthintela, unokwandisa ukusebenza kwe-welder yakho yokumelana, ukuphumeza imveliso ezinzileyo, esebenzayo, kunye nethembekileyo. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kunye nokuphumeza ngokungqongqo isicwangciso sokupholisa ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zakho zokusebenza ezithile kuya kuba ngundoqo ekugcineni ukhuphiswano lwakho kushishino.
