Kwimizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, iumatshini wokuwelda indawo, ngocikizeko oluphezulu kunye neempawu zokonga amandla-, iye yaba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimveliso yeemoto kunye nokulungiswa kwesinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, amandla ayo aphezulu-amandla ombane,{3}}aphezulu{3}indalo yokusebenza yangoku ithetha ukuba naluphina uqwalaselo lokusebenza lungakhokelela kwiingozi ezimandundu zombane, imililo, okanye ukwenzakala komntu. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lomsebenzi womatshini wokuwelda ayisiyomfuneko yolawulo kuphela kodwa ikwayeyona nto iphambili yokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwemveliso kunye nentlalo-ntle yabasebenzi{5}}.
Umboniso wokuwelda indawo yentsimbi engenastainless
Esi sikhokelo sijonge ukubonelela ngeseti ebanzi necwangcisiweyo yeenkqubo zokhuseleko ze "Top Ten" yokusebenza komatshini wokuwelda, ukugquma izixhobo zokhuseleko lombane, ukuhamba kwenkqubo esemgangathweni, ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo. Siza kudibanisa imigangatho kazwelonke (efana ne-GB 15578-}2008) kunye nezona ndlela zisebenza kakuhle kwishishini ukunika iingcebiso ezisebenzayo nezichanekileyo, ukunceda umzi-mveliso wakho ufezekise injongo yawo "yengozi yengozi".
ULawulo loMbane kunye neZixhobo – iSiseko soKhuseleko
Ukhuseleko kumatshini wokuwelda ibala luqala ngesixhobo ngokwaso. Ukulawulwa kwezixhobo ezingqongqo kunye nokugcinwa kusebenza njengomgca wokuqala wokukhusela ukusilela kombane kunye neengozi zoomatshini.
1. Iitshekhi zoKhuseleko zoMbane zemihla ngemihla/zeShift (Ukuthintela ukuShock nomlilo)
| Into yoHlolo | IiMfuno eziPhambili kunye neMigangatho | Umngcipheko nokubaluleka | |
| 1 | IiCables zamandla kunye nokuGrounding | Qwalasela zonke iikheyibhile zeentambo zomonakalo, ukuguga, iintanda, okanye ukutyhileka. Qinisekisa uxhulumaniso lomhlaba olukhuselayo (PE) lukhuselekile kwaye luthembekile. | Iintambo ezonakalisiweyo ziyimbangela ephambili yeesekethe ezimfutshane kunye nokutshitshiswa kombane; Ukungaphumeleli kokumisa umatshini kunokukhokelela ekubeni umatshini ube yinto ephilayo, ebeka ingozi ebulalayo. |
| 2 | Uvavanyo lwe-Insulation Resistance | Umgangatho oPhambili: Ngokomgangatho wesizwe we-GB 15578-2008, ukuxhathisa ukugquma phakathi kweesekethe kunye nomhlaba kuzo zonke iisekethe zomatshini we-welding we-spot kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 MΩ kwiindawo ezifumileyo. | Ukuwohloka kwe-insulation kusisandulela sokungaphumeleli kombane. Uvavanyo lwarhoqo luthintela ngokufanelekileyo{1}ukuqhekeka kwevoltage kunye neengozi ezivuzayo. |
| 3 | Ukwahlulwa kwecandelo eliphezulu-IVoltge | Qinisekisa ukucoceka okwaneleyo kombane kunye nomgama ohambahambayo phakathi kwezixhobo zevoltage eziphezulu -(i-transformer, i-thyristor) kunye ne-casing yomatshini, kunye nokwahlula okupheleleyo kokugquma. | Ithintela ngengozi ukudibana{0}}nombane wevoltage, ngakumbi ibaluleke kakhulu kwizitshixo ze-inverter eziphakathi apho amandla ombane angaphakathi aphezulu. |
| 4 | Iqhosha lokumisa ngokuNgxamisekileyo | Qinisekisa ukuba i-E-iqhosha lokumisa liyasebenza, ngoko nangoko liwacima amandla aphambili xa licinezelwe, kwaye alinaso nasiphi na isithintelo. | Ivumela ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kwezixhobo ngexesha likaxakeka, okubalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo. |
2. "Imithetho yegolide" ye-Electrode System Maintenance (Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokupholisa)
I-Electrodes ayizozinto zokuqhuba kuphela kodwa zibalulekile ekupholiseni nasekufakeni uxinzelelo. Ukugcinwa kwe-Electrode kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-welding kunye nobomi besixhobo.
- Ingcebiso ye-Electrode yokuCoca kunye noKunxiba: Iingcebiso ze-electrode kufuneka zicocwe kwaye zinxibe kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ekuqaleni kweshift nganye okanye xa umgangatho we-welding wehla, ukususa i-oxides kunye nentsalela yentsimbi. I-Residue ikwandisa ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwe-welding yangoku kunye ne-spatter, enokutshisa kakhulu i-electrode.
- I-Electrode Replacement Standard: Xa i-electrode tip ye-diameter iyancipha ngaphezu kwe-20% yobukhulu bayo bokuqala ngenxa yokugqoka, kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukugqithisa okugqithisileyo kukhokelela ekuxinaniseni okunganeleyo kwangoku, ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-weld nugget efanelekileyo kunye nokunyusa umthwalo wezixhobo.
- Ulawulo lweNkqubo yokuPholisa: Amanzi okupholisa ngowona mgca wobomi bokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo komatshini we-welding. Qinisekisa ukuba iqondo lokushisa lokungena kwamanzi okupholisa ligcinwa phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-30 degree, kwaye iqondo lokushisa lokuphuma alidluli kuma-40 degrees. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo izinga lokuhamba kunye nokujonga izithintelo, njengoko ukupholisa okungafanelekanga kuyimbangela ephambili ye-electrode yangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-transformer.
IiNkqubo zokuSebenza eziMiselweyo - uMgangatho we-Welding kunye noLawulo loMngcipheko
Iinkqubo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo azikho malunga nokhuseleko lomntu kuphela kodwa kunye nesiqinisekiso esisisiseko somgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
1.UkuPhuculwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweeParamitha ze-Welding
Iiparamitha ze-Welding (ngoku, ixesha, uxinzelelo) "ziinkalo ezintathu" zokuphumelela ukudibanisa. Abaqhubi kufuneka bahlengahlengise ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu eziphathekayo.
| Izinto eziqhelekileyo | Uluhlu lweParameter engundoqo (Reference) | ULungiso oluBalulekileyo kunye neNgqwalasela yoKhuseleko |
| Icwecwe eliNcinci leNtsimbi | Okwangoku: 180-320A; Ixesha: Umjikelo omfutshane (3-60 milliseconds); Uxinzelelo: Luphantsi ngokwentelekiso. | Insimbi engenasici inokumelana okuphezulu, ifuna ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokupholisa ukuthintela ukubola kwe-intergranular. |
| Phantsi-iCarbon Steel Plate | Okwangoku: Phakathi ukuya Phezulu; Ixesha: Into yesibini; Uxinzelelo: Kufuneka lube phezulu ngokwaneleyo (umz., 0.3-0.5 MPa). | Intsimbi yekhabhoni {{0}ephantsi iqhuba kakhulu, ifuna umsinga ophezulu kunye noxinzelelo lokuqinisekisa ubungakanani obaneleyo be-weld nugget. |
| Ingxubevange yeAluminiyam | Okwangoku: Phezulu kakhulu (ifuna -amandla aphezulu e-MFDC welder); Ixesha: Lifutshane kakhulu; Uxinzelelo: Phezulu. | I-aluminiyam ialloy ine-conductivity egqwesileyo kunye ne-thermal diffusivity, efuna umbane ophezulu ngokukhawuleza. I-Electrodes ithanda ukungcoliseka kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo. |
- Uvavanyo lwe-Weld Verification: Uvavanyo lwe-weld kufuneka lwenziwe ngalo lonke ixesha ibhetshi yezinto itshintshiwe, iiparamitha eziphambili zihlengahlengiswa, okanye zitshintshwa i-electrodes. Vavanya ukufana kwe-weld, ubungakanani be-nugget, kunye nobunzulu be-indentation ngokusebenzisa i-peel okanye uvavanyo lwe-tensile yesiqwenga sovavanyo. Kuphela kusemva koqinisekiso oluyimpumelelo apho imveliso eninzi ingaqala.
- Ukujongwa kwenkqubo: Oomatshini bokuwelda bangoku kufuneka baxhotyiswe{0}}ngexesha lokwenyani iinkqubo zokubeka iliso zangoku, umbane kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuba ukuguquguquka kweparameter kudlula uluhlu olukhuselekileyo lokhuseleko, umatshini kufuneka umiswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhlolwe.
2. Impendulo kaNgxamiseko kunye noPhatho lweNtsipho "eThathu-iProtokholi yamaNyathelo"
- Ukucinywa kwaMandla kwangoko-: Xa ingxolo engaqhelekanga ivakala, kubhaqwe ivumba elivuthayo, okanye kubonwe umsi, umqhubi kufuneka acofe ngoko nangoko u-E-iqhosha lokumisa aze anqumle isitshixo sombane esingundoqo.
- Inkqubo eMiselweyo yokuNika iNgxelo: Nasiphi na isixhobo esinempazamo okanye impazamo, nokuba siqatha kangakanani na, masixelwe ngoko nangoko kumphathi weshifti kunye nabasebenzi bolondolozo ngokwenkqubo esekiweyo yomzi-mveliso, kunye namaxwebhu aneenkcukacha zeempawu zokusilela.
- Ukuthintelwa kokuSebenza okuNyanzelekileyo: Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukunyanzela ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokudlula izixhobo zokukhusela ukhuseleko xa isixhobo sinesiphoso esaziwayo, i-alarm, okanye i-anomaly yokusebenza. Oku akuyi kwandisa kuphela umonakalo wezixhobo kodwa kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezimbi.
UKhuseleko lwaBasebenzi kunye neeMfuno zokusiNgqongileyo-Isiqinisekiso seeNgozi zeZero
Ukhuseleko olubanzi lwabasebenzi kunye nolawulo olusemgangathweni lwendawo yokusebenza ngumgca wokugqibela wokukhusela ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lomatshini we-welding.
1. Ukusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni kweSixhobo soKhuseleko soMntu (PPE)
Ukusebenza koomatshini be-spot welding kubandakanya imingcipheko yobushushu obuphezulu, ukukhanya okunzulu, isitshizi, kunye nomothuko wombane, okuyimfuneko yokusetyenziswa kwePPE ethobelayo.
- Ukhuseleko oluSiseko: Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka banxibe iiglavu ezigqunyiweyo (ukuthintela ukothuka kombane), iiglasi zokhuseleko (ukuthintela ukwenzakala kwe-spatter), kunye nempahla yokusebenza edangazelayo ({0}}ukunqanda ukuvutha kwiintlantsi).
- IiMfuneko eziKhethekileyo zokusiNgqongileyo:{0}}kumanzi aphezulu okanye kwindawo emanzi, abasebenzi kufuneka beme kwimethi yokugquma. Xa i-welding ifakwe kwiindawo ezivaliweyo (ezifana neziqulathi zangaphakathi), izixhobo zokungenisa umoya kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ukuphefumla kufuneka zinikezelwe, kwaye uvavanyo lwe-atmospheric kufuneka luqhutywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe amanqanaba e-oksijini akhuselekileyo kunye nokugxilwa kwegesi eqhumayo.
2.ULawulo oluMiselweyo lweNdawo yoMsebenzi
- Ukususwa kwezinto ezinokutsha: Zonke izinto ezinokutsha neziqhumayo, kubandakanywa ioli, iphepha, iinkuni, kunye nezinyibilikisi, kufuneka zisuswe kwiradiyasi yeemitha ezi-5 ezijikeleze indawo yokusebenza yomatshini wokuwelda.
- Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya: Qinisekisa ukuba indawo yokusebenza inomoya owaneleyo wokusasaza ngokufanelekileyo umsi kunye neegesi eziyingozi ezenziwe ngexesha le-welding. Umsi weWelding usenokuba ne-metal oxides, kwaye{1}}ukuphefumla ixesha elide kuyingozi empilweni.
- Ukhuseleko lombhobho werhasi: -iisilinda zerhasi zoxinzelelo oluphezulu (umzekelo, ioksijini, iacetylene) kufuneka zigcinwe zime nkqo, zikhuselwe ngamatyathanga okanye izibiyeli, kwaye zigcinwe kude nemithombo yobushushu kunye neendawo zentlantsi. Umgama phakathi kweesilinda zegesi kunye nomatshini wokuwelda indawo kufuneka uhambelane nemimiselo yokhuseleko.
3.IiProthokholi zokuSebenza eziKhethekileyo kunye neNkqubo yeMvume
Kumsebenzi okhethekileyo-womngcipheko ophezulu, ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwimithetho yomthetho kunye nenkqubo yemvume iyanyanzeleka.
- Ukulungiswa Kwezikhongozeli/Izikhongozeli ezivalelweyo: Ngaphambi kokuba izikhongozeli ze-welding, iitanki, okanye naziphi na iinqanawa ezivalelweyo, kufuneka kucocwe ngokucokisekileyo umphunga ukuze kususwe ulwelo olushiyekileyo olunokutsha okanye iigesi, lulandelwe luvavanyo lwerhasi eqhumayo.
- IMvume yoMsebenzi oshushu: Nawuphi na umsebenzi oshushu wexeshana owenziwe ngaphandle kwendawo ye-welding emiselweyo kufuneka kuqala ifune iMvume yoMsebenzi oHotyo kwaye ukhethe umlindi womlilo ukuba abe khona kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokucima umlilo.
Inkqubo yoLawulo loKhuseleko – Uphuculo oluqhubekayo kunye neDatha{0}}iNdlela eqhutywayo
Ukudibanisa imisebenzi yokhuseleko kulawulo lwemihla ngemihla ukwenza inkqubo yolawulo lokhuseleko olucwangcisiweyo ngundoqo ekuphumezeni iingozi zexesha elide{0}}eziqanda.
1. Ukusekwa koLuhlu loHlolo lweMihla/yeShift kunye neNkqubo yokuRekhoda
Zibeke emgangathweni zonke izinto zohlolo ezikhankanywe kwiSigaba soku-I zibe kwiphepha okanye kuLuhlu lokuHlola lwe-Elektronikhi. Abanini-zithuthi mabajonge into nganye baze basayine phambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi. Ezi rekhodi ngamaxwebhu abalulekileyo okulandelela izizathu zengozi kunye nobungqina bokuthobela.
2. Ukuseka i-Welding Parameter Database kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi
Ukuseka isiseko sedatha yepharamitha ye-welding yemigangatho yazo zonke izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kumzi-mveliso (umzekelo, ubukhulu obuhlukeneyo bentsimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engenasici, isinyithi esinamatyhutyha). Oku akugcini nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kodwa kuthintela umgangatho kunye nemiba yokhuseleko ebangelwa ngabaqhubi babeka iiparameters "ngamava."
3. UQeqesho oluQhelekileyo loKhuseleko kunye noVavanyo lokuSebenza
- Uqeqesho lwarhoqo: Qhuba uqeqesho olubanzi lokhuseleko lomatshini we-welding ubuncinane kabini ngonyaka. Umxholo kufuneka ubandakanye ukhuseleko lombane, ukusetyenziswa kwePPE okuchanekileyo, iinkqubo zokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka, kunye nokutolikwa kwemigangatho yamva nje.
- UVavanyo lweNtsebenzo: Dibanisa ukubambelela kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zokhuseleko kwinkqubo yovavanyo lomsebenzi wabasebenzi. Inkcubeko yokhuseleko inokumili ngokwenene xa abasebenzi beziqonda ngenene kwaye belandela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo ezimiselweyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweumatshini wokuwelda indawoyiprojekthi ecwangcisiweyo ebandakanya izixhobo, abasebenzi, okusingqongileyo, kunye nolawulo. Ngokuphumeza inkqubo yokulawula ukhuseleko olucwangcisiweyo, abavelisi abanako ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengozi kodwa nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
UQinisekiso lweDatha oluGunyaziweyo: Ishishini elikhokelayo kushishino, ngokuphumeza inkqubo yokusebenza yokhuseleko esemgangathweni equka "ukuqinisekiswa kwabantu ababini" kunye "nokuhlolwa kwenqanaba{1}}kwamanqanaba amathathu," yehlisa ngempumelelo izinga lokungaphumeleli kwesixhobo sayo ukusuka kwi-3.2% ukuya kwi-0.05% nje kuphela, ukonga ngaphezulu kwe-15 yezigidi ze-RMB} ngonyaka{5} kwilahleko ephinde yalahleka{5} Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba utyalo-mali kukhuseleko lomatshini we-welding lolona tyalo-mali lusebenzayo noluzinzileyo olunokwenziwa yinkampani.
Nceda usebenzise esi sikhokelo njengeplani yolawulo lokhuseleko lomzi-mveliso wakho, uqinisekise ukuba wonke umntu osebenza ngomatshini wokuwelda uyayiqonda kwaye ubambelela ngokungqongqo kwiinkqubo ezimiselweyo, ngaloo ndlela ekhuthaza imeko-bume yemveliso ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo eyandisa imveliso kunye nentlalo-ntle yabasebenzi.
