Kwimveliso yeemoto zanamhlanje, i-welding ayisekho inkqubo yokujoyina isinyithi. Endaweni yoko, iye yaguquka yayinto echanekileyo{1}elawulwayo efuna ulawulo olulungelelanisiweyoyangoku, amandla kunye nexeshaphakathi kweemilliseconds. Njengoko uyilo lwezithuthi luqhubeka nokubeka phambili izinto ezikhaphukhaphu, ukufakelwa kombane, kunye nemigangatho ephezulu yokhuseleko, itekhnoloji ye-welding yendabuko ngokuthe ngcembe ifikelela kwimida yazo ngokwemiqathango yokuhambelana nokusebenza. I-Medium Frequency Direct Current (MFDC) i-spot welding iye yaba sisisombululo esithandwayo kwiindawo ezininzi zokuvelisa iimoto.
Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-welding eziqhelekileyo ze-AC, ii-welder ze-MFDC zihlala zisebenza kwi-inverter frequency malunga ne-1000 Hz, eyenza ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu eziphathekayo kunye nokunikezelwa kwangoku okuzinzileyo ngaphakathi kwemijikelezo ye-welding emfutshane. Ezi mpawu aziphuculi nje ukuguquguquka komgangatho we-weld kodwa zinegalelo ngokuthe ngqo kwisithuthi siphelaUkusebenza kwe-NVH (Ingxolo, iVibration, kunye noBungqwabalala)kunye nokuba sengozini.
Eli nqaku liphonononga izicelo ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zokwenziwa kweemoto{0}}Umzimba-kwi{1}}izakhiwo eziMhlophe, iisistim zebhetri, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko lwe-chassis-kwaye icacisa indlela i-MFDC yeteknoloji ye-welding ejongene ngayo nemingeni esebenzayo ehambelana nayo nganye. Ikwabonelela ngesikhokelo sokukhetha izixhobo eziluncedo ukuxhasa iinjineli kunye namaqela okuthenga ekwenzeni izigqibo zotyalo-mali ezinolwazi.
Umzimba-kwi{1}}White Welding: Imicelimngeni Yaziswe yi-High{2}}Intsimbi yamandla kunye ne-Multi{3}}Layer Structures
Umzimba-kwi{1}}Mhlophe (BIW) izakhiwo zenza isakhelo esisisiseko sesithuthi, kwaye umgangatho weweld joints ichaphazela ngqo ubungqongqo besakhiwo,{2}}ixesha elide ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kokuntlitheka. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abavelisi bezithuthi baye bamkela ngokunyukacofa{{0}intsimbi eqinile (PHS)kunye{0}}nendibano ezininzi zomaleko ukuze kuzuzwe zombini ulwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu kunye nokomelela okuphezulu. Ngelixa ezi zixhobo zizisa izibonelelo zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo, zikwabeka iimfuno ezinkulu kwizixhobo ze-welding.
Imingeni yobuChwepheshe eqhelekileyo kuMakhulu{0}}Amandla eNtsimbi yokuWelding
Amandla aphezulu-entsimbi ayinzima ngokwendalo ukuyidibanisa, kodwa ifuna ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwenkqubo. Ukuba izixhobo ze-welding azikwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu zokumelana nombane, ukuhambelana kwe-weld kuhlala kunzima ukuyigcina.
Omnye weyona mingeni ixhaphakileyo ivelaAl-Si iimathiriyeli eziqatywe. Uninzi lwe-1500 MPa -umcinezeli webakala-iintsimbi eziqinileyo ziqatywe nge-aluminiyam{4}}umaleko wesilicon, obonisa ukuxhathisa okungazinzanga ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala sokuwelda. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwangoku okuzinzileyo, le meko ingakhokelela kwi-spatter egqithisileyo, ukubunjwa kwe-nugget engahambelaniyo, kunye nokugqoka i-electrode ekhawulezayo. Le miba ayichaphazeli kuphela umgangatho we-weld kodwa iphinda ikhulise iimfuno zokugcinwa kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuvelisa.
Omnye umcimbi oqhelekileyo uyenzekaezininzi-iindibano zamaphepha, ngakumbi kwiindawo zolwakhiwo ezifana B-neentsika kunye namalungu obude. Uqwalaselo olufana "namaphepha amabini abhityileyo kunye neshiti elinye elishinyeneyo" okanye "amaphepha amathathu obunzima obulinganayo" aqhele ukusetyenziswa. Kula malungiselelo, umsinga wombane ukholisa ukulandela indlela yokunganyangeki, enokuthi ithintele ukuveliswa kobushushu okwaneleyo kumaleko atyebileyo aphakathi. Ngenxa yoko, ukudibanisa okungaphelelanga okanye ukungena kwe-nugget okunganeleyo kunokwenzeka.
Nangona iiwelds zomntu ngamnye zinokubonakala zamkelekile ekuqaleni, ukungangqinelani okufihlakeleyo okunjalo kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo phantsi kweemeko zokulayishwa kwengozi.
Izisombululo ezingundoqo ze-MFDC kwi-BIW Applications
Ukujongana nale mingeni, iinkqubo ze-welding ze-MFDC zisebenzisa izicwangciso zokulawula ezisulungekileyo, kunyeulawulo olukhawulezayo lwengxeloukuba ngowona buchule bubaluleke kakhulu.
Abalawuli banamhlanje be-MFDC bahlala besampula ingxelo yangoku ngamaxesha e-millisecond. Xa utshintsho lokumelana ngokukhawuleza lufunyenwe, inkqubo ilungisa iiparameters zemveliso phantse ngokukhawuleza, igcina igalelo lokushisa elizinzileyo kulo lonke umjikelezo we-weld. Esi sikhundla sibaluleke kakhulu xa usebenza ngezinto ezigqunyiweyo, njengoko inqanaba lokuqhekeka kwengubo lihlala lilelona nqanaba lingazinzanga lenkqubo.
Ukongeza -kulawulo lwexesha lokwenyani,Iiprofayile ze-pulse welding ezininzi-zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-BIW ukuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
Ulandelelwano lwewelding oluqhelekileyo- lubandakanya:
| Iqonga | Umsebenzi | Injongo ephambili |
|---|---|---|
| Preheating Stage | Ungeniso lwangoku oluphantsi | Ithambisa ukutyabeka kwaye izinzise ukudibana kombane |
| Inqanaba eliphambili le-Welding | Imveliso yangoku ephezulu | Yenza i-weld nugget |
| Inqanaba lokuthomalalisa | Yehlisiwe i-pulse yangoku | Iphucula i-ductility kwaye inciphisa i-brittleness |
Kwizicelo eziphathekayo, le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu i-spatter kwaye yandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-electrode, ehlala iphumelelaAmaxesha amathathu ukuya kwamahlanu ubude bobomi be-electrodexa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ze-welding eziqhelekileyo ze-AC.
I-Welding ye-Battery System Welding: Ukuhlangabezana neeMfuno ze-Aluminiyam kunye neZixhobo ezingafaniyo
Ngokukhula okukhawulezayo kwezithuthi zombane, iinkqubo zebhetri ziye zaba zezona ndibano zibalulekileyo kuyilo lweemoto lwanamhlanje. Amalungu afana neetreyi zebhetri, iifreyimu zenkxaso, kunye neziqhagamshelo eziqhubayo zifuna iiweld ezithembeke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa{1}}intembeko yesakhiwo sexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kombane.
Kule ndawo, ukuwelda indawo ye-MFDC ibonelela ngophuculo olusebenzayo kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokuthembeka.
Kutheni iAluminiyam iWelding ifuna ngakumbi
Iialloyi ze-aluminiyam zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo zebhetri yemoto yombane, kodwa iimpawu zazo zokuwelda zahluke kakhulu kwezo zentsimbi.
Enye into ebalulekileyo yi-thermal conductivity. Ialuminiyam iqhuba ubushushu ngokukhawuleza okuphindwe kathathu kunentsimbi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubushushu buyaphela ngokukhawuleza kwizinto eziyingqongileyo. Ukuba igalelo lamandla alihanjiswa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kuba nzima ukuvelisa i-weld nugget ezinzileyo. Ukongeza, umphezulu we-aluminiyam udla ngokugqunywa ngumaleko oshinyeneyo we-oxide, obushushu bayo bokunyibilika buphezulu kakhulu kunolo lwesiseko sesinyithi. Ngaphandle kokuba lo maleko weoksidi uphazamiseke ngokufanelekileyo, ingqibelelo ye-weld inokuthotywa.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ukuwelda i-aluminium kufuna zombiniamandla angoku aphezulukwayeulawulo lwamandla oluchanekileyo.
Ixabiso leMphumo yangoku ePhezulu kwiMijikelo yeWeld emifutshane
Enye yezona nzuzo zibalulekileyo ze-MFDC abashiseli kwizicelo ze-aluminiyam kukukwazi kwabo ukuhambisa amanqanaba azinzileyo, aphezulu ngoku ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Oku kuvumela ubushushu ukuba bugxininiswe kwi-weld interface kunokuchitha yonke into ejikelezileyo.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuvelisa, imijikelezo ye-aluminium yelding ihlala igqitywe ngaphakathingaphantsi kwe-100 millisecond, kunye namanqanaba angoku afikelelayo30 kA ukuya ku-50 kA. Olu nikezelo lwamandla lukhawulezayo luxhasa ukubunjwa kwe-nugget okungaguqukiyo ngelixa kuncitshiswa ubushushu{1}}ukukhula kwendawo echatshazelweyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwethwa kwenxalenye.
Kwizakhiwo ezikhulu ezifana neetreyi zebhetri, obu buchule buhlala buguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ephuculweyo kunye namazinga ancitshisiweyo okulahlwa.
Ulawulo lweNkqubo kwi-Disimilar Metal Welding
Kwiimodyuli zebhetri, kuqhelekile ukudibanisa imathiriyeli efana ne-aluminiyam-uku{1}}ubhedu okanye i-aluminiyam{2}}uku{3}}intsimbi. Ezi zidibaniso zetsimbi ezingafaniyo zifuna ukulawulwa ngononophelo ukuthintela ukubunjwa kokugqithisai-intermetallic compound (IMC) umaleko, enokunciphisa iimpawu zemishini ye-weld.
Ngokulungisa ipolarity yangoku kunye nokusasazwa kobushushu, iinkqubo zeMFDC zivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokukhula kwe-intermetallic, ukunceda ukugcina amandla adibeneyo kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide{0}}.
Idatha yokuvelisa kwiinkqubo ze-welding eziphuculweyo zihlala zibonisa ukuhluka okuncitshisiweyo kumandla we-weld, okunegalelo ekuphuculeni ukuhambelana kwemveliso.
I-Chassis kunye nezixhobo zoKhuseleko: IiMfuno zokuZinza kunye nokulandelelwa
Ngokufana nezakhiwo ze-BIW, amacandelo e-chassis kufuneka ahlangabezane nemigangatho yokusebenza engqongqo. Ezi ndawo zihlala zifumana iimeko zokulayisha eziguqukayo, kwaye ingqibelelo ye-weld ibalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko lwesithuthi.
Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka iiframes ezincinci, iingalo zolawulo, kunye neendawo zeankile zebhanti lesitulo, zonke zihlelwa njengezixhobo zokhuseleko{0}}ezibalulekileyo.
Ukunikezelwa kwamandla okuZinzile kwi-Thick Material Welding
Amacandelo eChassis ahlala asebenzisa amashiti entsimbi anobunzima obusuka kwi3 mm ukuya kwi-6 mm. Kwiindawo zokwenyani zemveliso, umphezulu unokuqulatha i-coatings, i-oxidation encinci, okanye izithuba zendibano, zonke ezinokuchaphazela ukuchasana noqhagamshelwano.
Ukuba iisistim ze-welding azikwazi ukuhlawulela ezi zintlukwano, iziphene ezifana nokungena ngokwaneleyo okanye ii-welds ezibandayo zingenzeka. Ukujongana nalo mngeni, izixhobo eziphambili zihlala zibandakanyaiindlela zokulawula amandla rhoqo, elungisa ngokuzenzekelayo imveliso ye-voltage ukugcina igalelo lobushushu obuzinzileyo.
Le ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho we-weld ongaguqukiyo nangona iimeko ze-workpiece ziguquguquka, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuhluka kwenkqubo.
Ukubaluleka okuKhulayo koLawulo lweDatha yeWeld
Kwimveliso yeemoto zanamhlanje, umgangatho we-weld kufuneka ungaguquguquki kuphela kodwa ulandeleleke ngokupheleleyo. Ukwandisa, iinkqubo ze-welding zihlanganiswe kwiindawo zokuvelisa idijithali ezirekhoda iinkcukacha zenkqubo yedatha ye-weld nganye.
Iiparamitha eziqhelekileyo ezirekhodiweyo ziquka:
| Uhlobo lweDatha | Injongo |
|---|---|
| I-Waveform yangoku | Iqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kwamandla |
| Nyanzelisa iCwave | Ubeka iliso kwindlela yokuziphatha yoxinzelelo lwe-electrode |
| Displacement Data | Iingoma zokwakheka kwe-nugget dynamics |
| Ixesha le-Weld | Ilawula ixesha lomjikelo wemveliso |
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le datha ivumela abavelisi ukuba bachonge iindlela, babone ukusilela okunokwenzeka kwangoko, kwaye bacwangcise ukugcinwa ngokubonakalayo, ekugqibeleni banciphise ixesha lokuphumla elingacwangciswanga.
Indlela yokukhetha i-MFDC Spot Welder eLungileyo kwii-Automotive Applications
Xa kuthengwa izixhobo ze-welding, ukugxila kuphela kwixabiso kunqabile ukuba kukhokelele kwiziphumo zexesha elide{0}}ezona zilungileyo. Isicwangciso esisebenzayo ngakumbi sibandakanya ukuvavanya iinkcukacha eziphambili zobugcisa ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.
Ezi parameters zilandelayo ziphakathi kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngexesha lokukhetha izixhobo.
Itheyibhile yeReferensi yeeParameters zobuGcisa
| Ipharamitha | Inkcazo | Uluhlu olucetyiswayo |
|---|---|---|
| Inverter Frequency | Imisela ukuchaneka kolawulo lwangoku | ~1000 Hz kwizakhiwo zeemoto |
| Incopho yesakhono sangoku | Iphembelela isakhono sokwenza i-nugget | Imveliso ephezulu efunekayo kwi-aluminium |
| Ukusebenza kweTransformer | Ichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuthembeka | Okuphezulu-imathiriyeli engundoqo ecetyisiweyo |
| Ulawulo Lwendlela Yobuchule | Imisela inkqubo yokuguquguquka | Okuninzi{{0}ukubetha kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwengxelo kuyacetyiswa |
| Ujongano oluzenzekelayo | Ichaza ukuhambelana kwenkqubo | Inkxaso yeProfinet okanye i-EtherCAT ekhethwayo |
Ezi parameters zidla ngokudweliswa kumaxwebhu obugcisa kwaye zinokuthelekiswa kubo bonke ababoneleli ngexesha lenqanaba lovavanyo.
Iingcebiso kwiSixhobo ngokweSicelo seSicelo
Amacandelo emoto ahlukeneyo afuna iimpawu ze-welding ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhetha izixhobo ezisekelwe kwisicelo{1}}iimfuno ezithile kunceda ukuqinisekisa zombini imveliso kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide{2}.
| Isicelo | Iimpawu ezicetyiswayo | Ugqaliselo Olungundoqo |
|---|---|---|
| BIW Welding | Multi{0}}inqanaba lolawulo lwangoku | Weld ukuhambelana |
| Ukuwelda kweNkqubo yebhetri | Ikhono eliphezulu langoku | Uxinaniso oludibeneyo kunye nokutywinwa |
| Amacandelo oKhuseleko lweChassis | Ulawulo lwamandla rhoqo | Ukuzinza kunye nokuthembeka |
Ukusebenzisa isicelo-iqhinga lokukhetha eliqhutywayo kukholisa ukwenza lula isigqibo{1}}inkqubo yokwenza kwaye icuthe ukubakho kwezixhobo ezingahambelaniyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Njengoko ukuveliswa kweemoto kuqhubeka nokuvela, indima yezixhobo ze-welding iyatshintsha ngokufanelekileyo. Into ebikade ithathwa njengesixhobo sokuvelisa esizimeleyo ngoku iye yaba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuvelisa edityanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokuwelda akuchaphazeli umgangatho weweld kuphela kodwa kunye nemveliso esebenzayo, iindleko zokusebenza, kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso yexesha elide{2}.
Ukusuka kuMzimba -kwi{1}}kwizakhiwo ezimhlophe ukuya kwiindibano zebhetri yemoto yombane kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko lwe-chassis,Itekhnoloji ye-welding ye-MFDCngokukhawuleza iba sisisombululo esisemgangathweni kuwo onke amanqanaba okwenziwa kweemoto ezininzi. Kwiinkampani zokucwangcisa izixhobo zokuphucula okanye imigca emitsha yokuvelisa, ukuqonda iimfuno zenkqubo ethile yesicelo ngasinye kunye nokuvavanya ngokucophelela iiparitha eziphambili zobugcisa kunokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokusebenza.
Xa izigqibo zokuthenga zihamba ngaphaya kokuqwalaselwa kweendleko zokuqala kwaye ziqale ukubeka phambiliuzinzo, ukuhambelana, kunye-nokuthembeka kwexesha elide, ukukhetha isisombululo se-welding ye-MFDC esifanelekileyo iba lutyalo-mali olunikezela ngexabiso elisebenzayo elizinzileyo.
