Oomatshini bokuwelda umthungozisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeemoto, iisistim zebhetri zamandla amatsha, izixhobo zokugcina amandla, iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, ukuveliswa kwemibhobho, kunye neshiti elichanekileyo{0}}lokwenziwa kwentsimbi. Kwezi zicelo, amandla e-weld ayingomba wokhuseleko lolwakhiwo kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ngumba ogqibayo wobomi benkonzo yemveliso,{2}}ukuthembeka kwexesha elide, kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko jikelele.
Kwiimeko zokwenyani zemveliso, abaninzi abavelisi bahlangabezana nengxaki efanayo: i-weld seam ibonakala iqhubekayo kwaye ifana, iimvavanyo zokuqala zokuvuza zinokudlula, kodwa uvavanyo oluqinileyo, uvavanyo lokudinwa, okanye inkonzo yexesha elide ityhila ukuqhekeka, ukuvuza, okanye ukuthotywa kwamandla. Oku kusilela akufane kubangelwa yinto enye. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zivela kwiziphumo ezidityanisiweyo zokungahambelani kwepharamitha yenkqubo, ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphathekayo-inkqubo, iimeko zezixhobo ezingazinzanga, kunye noyilo olungafanelekanga lwe-welding.
Eli nqaku libonelela ngohlalutyo lobunjineli olucwangcisiweyo lwezizathu ezisisiseko zokungonelanga kwamandla e-weld kumatshini we-welding we-seam kwaye inikezela ngezicwangciso ezisebenzayo, eziphunyeziweyo zokuphucula. Kujongwe njengesalathiso kubasebenzisi ababandakanyekayo ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo, uyilo lwenkqubo, ukukhetha koomatshini, kunye nezigqibo zokuthenga.
I-Welding Parameters Ngaphandle kwefestile yeNkqubo eNgcono
Iiparamitha ze-Welding zilona luhlu lolawulo oluphambili lwamandla e-weld. Kwiinkqubo ze-welding ze-seam, i-welding current, ixesha le-welding, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-welding zenza inkqubo edibeneyo edibeneyo kunokuba i-variable variables. Nakuphi na ukungalingani kwipharamitha enye kuphazamisa ukubunjwa kwe-nugget etyhidiweyo kwaye kuphazamisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza komatshini we-weld.
I-Welding yangoku kunye ne-Heat Input Balance
I-Welding yangoku imisela ubuninzi bamandla okunikezelwa kwindawo ye-weld kwaye isiseko sokwakheka kwe-nugget ezinzileyo.
Xa umsinga uphantsi kakhulu, kuphela ukuthamba komphezulu okanye ukunyibilika okungaphelelanga kwenzeka kwi-interface, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lwe-metallurgical fusion. Kule meko, i-seam ingabonakala iqhubekayo, kodwa amandla okubambisana kwangaphakathi abuthathaka, kwaye ukwahlukana kwe-interface kunokwenzeka phantsi komthwalo onzima okanye ukungcangcazela.
Xa umsinga uphezulu kakhulu, ubushushu obugqithisiweyo bendawo kunye nokutsha{0}}kunokuthi kwenzeke, okukhokelela ekukhukuleni kweenkozo, ukuguqulwa kwe-microstructural, kunye nokwandiswa kobushushu{1}}kwindawo echatshazelweyo. Ubunjineli bobunjineli bubonisa ukuba nangona i-welds enjalo inokuthi iqale iphumelele iimvavanyo zamandla angatshintshiyo, ubomi babo bokudinwa kwindawo yokulayisha i-cyclic buyancipha kakhulu. Kwizakhiwo kunye nokutywinwa kwamacandelo, ukukhathala kokunciphisa ubomi be30–50%ziqhele ukubonwa, nto leyo emele umngcipheko wokuthembeka wexesha elide{0}}.
Injongo ayikuko "umgangatho ophezulu wangoku ulingana ne-weld eyomeleleyo," kodwa igalelo lamandla elilawulwayo elenza i-nugget ezinzileyo ngelixa igcina imfezeko ye-microstructural.
Ixesha le-Welding kunye noPhuhliso lwe-Nugget
Ixesha le-welding lilawula ukusasazeka kwe-thermal kunye nokuqokelela ubushushu kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Ukuba ixesha lifutshane kakhulu, nokuba likhona langoku elaneleyo, i-nugget etyhidiweyo ayinakwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo, ikhokelela kumthwalo omncinci osebenzayo{{0}othwele umnqamlezo-icandelo kunye namandla angomatshini anyiniweyo.
Ukuba ixesha lide kakhulu, ukuqokelelwa kobushushu obugqithisileyo kwandisa ubushushu{0}}indawo echatshazelweyo kwaye ikhawulezisa ukukhula okuziinkozo kunye nokuthotywa kwe-microstructural, kucuthe ukusebenza koomatshini.
Kwinkqubo yobunjineli, umgaqo oqhelekileyo wokubhekisela kukuba i-nugget ye-nugget kufuneka ifikelele malunga namaxesha angama-3-4 ubukhulu bezinto ezisisiseko, ezibonelela ngobudlelwane obunokulinganisela phakathi kwamandla kunye nokuzinza kwe-microstructural.
I-Welding Pressure Mismatch (Into yempembelelo yesakhiwo)
Uxinzelelo lwe-welding ayingowoomatshini bokubamba amandla. Ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhanjiswa kokumelana noqhagamshelwano, ukuzinza kwegalelo lobushushu, kunye nokuziphatha kokwandisa i-nugget etyhidiweyo. Ukungalingani koxinzelelo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kuneziphumo ezicwangcisiweyo kumandla we-weld:
| Inqanaba le-Welding | Umba woxinzelelo | Impembelelo Ngqo |
|---|---|---|
| Phambi{0}inqanaba loxinzelelo | Uxinzelelo olunganelanga | Uqhagamshelwano olungazinzanga, ukuxhathisa okuguquguqukayo, igalelo lobushushu elingalinganiyo |
| Inqanaba le-welding eliphambili | Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo | Ukwandiswa kwe-nugget ethintelweyo, kuncitshiswe i-weld esebenzayo -icandelo |
| Inqanaba lokuzinzisa | Ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo | Ukungaguquguquki kakubi, ukwanda kwamandla okusasazwa |
Iimvavanyo zobunjineli zibonisa ukuba xa ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kudlula±8%, ukuhambelana kwamandla e-weld kwehla kakhulu, kwaye imveliso yemveliso inokuncipha ngaphezu15%. Kwimigca yewelding eqhubekayo, oku kudla ngokuvela njengebhetshi{1}}inqanaba lokungazinzi komgangatho kuneziphene ezizimeleyo.
Izinto ezingonelanga-Ukuhambelana kweNkqubo
Iimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo ziqinisekisa ukuba igalelo lobushushu lifunxwa, ligxininiswe, kwaye lichithwa njani. Ukuba lo mahluko awubonakali kuyilo lwenkqubo, iingxaki zamandla we-weld azinakuphepheka.
Impembelelo yoMbane woMbane kunye ne-Thermal Conductivity
Umahluko kwi-conductivity kunye ne-thermal diffusivity ichaphazela kakhulu ukuziphatha koxinzelelo lobushushu kwindawo ye-weld:
| Uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo | Iimpawu zeNkqubo | Isicwangciso esiPhambili soLungiso |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminiyam ialloys | I-conductivity ephezulu + ukusasazwa kwe-thermal ephezulu | Uxinaniso oluphezulu lwangoku + ixesha elifutshane le-welding |
| Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo | I-conductivity ephantsi + i-low diffusion ye-thermal | Incopho esezantsi yangoku + ixesha elide le-welding |
| Intsimbi yegalvanized | Ukumelana nomphezulu ongazinzanga | Ulawulo oluzinzileyo loxinzelelo + olulawulwayo lobushushu |
Ngaphandle kwemathiriyeli -imifuziselo yenkqubo ethile, "i{1}}iparamitha{2}}iseti{3}}ingena{4}}zonke" iindlela zihlala zivelisa iiwelds ezibonakala zamkelekile ngaphandle kodwa zithwaxwa kukungonelanga kwamandla okudibanisa angaphakathi.
Ixesha elide-iMpembelelo yeXesha leMeko yoMphezulu
Iileya ze-oxide, ukungcoliseka kwe-oyile, iintsalela zokugquma, kunye nokungcola komphezulu kuthintela ngokuthe ngqo ukudityaniswa kwe-metallurgical. Ezi meko zikhuthaza ujongano olubuthathaka, i-welds ebonakalayo, kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba i-aluminium edibeneyo idityaniswe ngaphandle kokucocwa okufanelekileyo komhlaba ingaba namava20–35% umndilili wokunciphisa amandla, kunye nokungaguquguquki okubi kakhulu.
Imingcipheko yesakhiwo kwi-Metal Welding engafaniyo
I-welding yentsimbi engafaniyo ayibandakanyi kuphela ukungafani kwe-thermal, kodwa kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwe-coefficients yokwandisa i-thermal kunye nokwakheka kwekhompawundi ye-brittle intermetallic. Ngaphandle kolawulo lwangoku lwegradient, ipulsed welding modes, okanye uyilo lotshintsho, i-brittle interface layers kwakheka ngokulula, okukhokelela ekungaphumelelini kwenqanaba lokuweld kwangethuba kwiimeko zenkonzo.
Ukungazinzi kweZixhobo kunye nokuguquguquka kweMphumo yaMandla
Nokuba -nemilinganiselo yenkqubo eyilwe kakuhle, iinkqubo zesixhobo ezingazinzanga zinqanda umgangatho we weld ongaguqukiyo.
Electrode System Ukuthotywa
Ukunxiba kwe-roller electrode, ilahleko yokugquma, kunye ne-oxidation yomphezulu itshintsha ukuxhathisa ukusasazwa koqhagamshelwano, ukunciphisa ukugxila kwamandla kunye nokubangela ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo kwendawo kunye nokungonelanga kokufudumeza, okukhokelela ekuguquguqukeni okubalulekileyo kwamandla e-weld.
Ukuzinza kweNkqubo yokuPholisa
Amalungu angundoqo oomatshini bokuwelda umthungo (iinguqu, iimodyuli ze-IGBT, iisistim ze-electrode) zinobushushu obuphezulu{0}}bunovakalelo. Xa ukupholisa ubushushu bamanzi buguquguquka ngaphaya±5 isidangaokanye izinga lokuqukuqela alanelanga, uzinzo lwangoku lwesiphumo luthoba. Amava amashishini abonisa ukuba ukungazinzi kwenkqubo yokupholisa kunokunciphisa ukuhambelana kwamandla e-weld ngo10–20%.
Ukuchaneka koLwakhiwo loomatshini
Ukubuyisela umva ngoomatshini, iimpazamo zolungelelwaniso lwerola, kunye nokucotha koxinzelelo lwe actuator impendulo ibangela uxinzelelo olungazinzanga lwewelding, ukungalingani kweweld cross-amacandelo, kunye nokuncipha komthwalo wesakhiwo{1}}ukuthwala umthamo ngokwembono yoomatshini.
I-Thermal Accumulation kunye noYilo lweZakhiwo kwi-Welding eqhubekayo
I-Thermal Accumulation Effect
Kwi-welding ye-seam eqhubekayo, ubushushu abukwazi ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwee-welds, kubangele ukunyuka kobushushu kwi-workpiece. Oku kwandisa igalelo lobushushu kwiiwelds ezilandelayo, kukhawulezisa ukuthotywa kwe-microstructural, kwaye kudala iigradient zamandla ecaleni komthungo{1}}ingakumbi kwiipleyiti ezishinyeneyo kunye{2}}nemigca yemveliso yomjikelo ophezulu.
Ukusasazwa koxinzelelo olungalinganiyo
Kwiinkqubo -eziqengqelekayo, ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo olungalinganiyo okanye ukutenxa komthwalo wokulayisha kwangaphambili kukhokelela kububanzi be-weld kunye -nokwahluka kwamacandelo, ukudala "imimandla ebuthathaka" enciphisa umthamo womthwalo kunye nobomi bokudinwa.
Ukuqukumbela
Amandla e-weld angonelanga kumatshini we-welding we-seam ayiyongxaki yeparameter okanye ingxaki yomatshini. Sisiphumo senkqubo-yenqanaba lokungalingani phakathi kwenkqubo yenkqubo, inkqubo yemathiriyeli, inkqubo yesixhobo, kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo.
Uzinzo, umgangatho we-welding othembekileyo uvela kubuchule bobunjineli benkqubo, kungekhona izenzo zokuphucula ezizimeleyo. Kubasebenzisi, ukhetho lomatshini akufanele lugxininise kuphela kwimilinganiselo yamandla kunye nexabiso. Ugxininiso olukhulu kufuneka lubekwe kubuchule bolawulo lwenkqubo, uyilo lozinzo lwenkqubo, umthamo wokubeka iliso kwidatha, kunye{2}}nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwexesha elide.
