Umceli mngeni we welds ezibuthathaka okanye "ezibandayo"{0}apho udibaniso olungonelanga lukhokelela ekungoneli kwendibaniselwano{1}kushiyeka kungumqobo obalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwealuminiyam. Njengoko imizi-mveliso efana neemoto, i-elektroniki, kunye ne-aerospace ixhomekeke ngakumbi kulwakhiwo lwe-aluminiyam ekhaphukhaphu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka konxibelelwano kubaluleke kakhulu. Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngokusebenzisekayo,{4}}amacebo axhasiweyo kwishishini lokuphelisa iiwelds ezibandayo ngokwandisa eyakhoumatshini wokuwelda indawokunye nolawulo lwenkqubo.
Ukuqonda uMceli mngeni: Kutheni iiWelds zeAluminiyam zisilela
Ukuweld ngempumelelo ialuminiyam, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde iipropathi ezibonakalayo ezizodwa ezenza kube nzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi. I "cold weld" lilungu elibonakala livakala ngokwesakhiwo kumphezulu kodwa lingenalo udibaniso lwangaphakathi olufunekayo (i-nugget formation), okukhokelela kunxibelelwano olubuthathaka, olungathembekanga.
Inkcazo yeCold Weld
I-weld ebandayo, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yi-weld yobuxoki" okanye "i-weld ebonakalayo," kwenzeka xa ubushushu obuveliswa ngexesha lokumelana nenkqubo ye-welding akwanelanga ukwenza i-nugget etyhidiweyo efanelekileyo phakathi kwamaphepha amabini esinyithi. Oku kungabikho kokudibanisa kuthetha ukuba i-joint ixhomekeke kuphela kuxinzelelo lomatshini kunye nokudibanisa okungaphezulu, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha phantsi koxinzelelo.
UmGaqo wokuSebenza wokuSilela
Ezona zizathu ziphambili ze-welds ezibandayo kwi-aluminium zimiliselwe kwisayensi yayo yezinto:
- 1.I-Insulating oxide Layer: I-Aluminiyam ngokwemvelo yenza umaleko omncinci, oqinileyo we-aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) kumphezulu wayo. Le oxide inendawo yokunyibilika engaphezulu kwe-2,000℃(3,632℃F), iphezulu lee kunendawo yokunyibilika yesiseko sealuminiyam yesinyithi emalunga ne-660℃(1,220 degrees F). Lo maleko oxhathisa kakhulu usebenza njenge-insulator, ukuthintela umsinga we-welding ukuba ungaqhubekiyo kwaye uvelise ubushushu obufunekayo bokudibanisa.
- 2.Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obugqithisileyo: I-Aluminiyam iqhayisa ukuhanjiswa kombane ophezulu (amaxesha amane entsimbi) kunye ne-thermal conductivity ephezulu (izihlandlo ezithathu zentsimbi). Ubushushu obuveliswe kwi-interface buqhutywa ngokukhawuleza kude ne-weld zone. Ukuba amandla e-welding awanikezelwanga ngoxinano oluphezulu kakhulu lwangoku kunye nexesha elifutshane, ubushushu buya kuphelelwa phambi kokuba i-nugget etyhidiweyo idale.
- 3.Ulawulo loxinzelelo olungachanekanga: Ukuthamba kwe-aluminiyam kwenza ukuba ibe novelwano kakhulu kumandla e-electrode. Amandla amaninzi anciphisa ukuchasana noqhagamshelwano, okukhokelela ekuveliseni ubushushu obunganelanga. Amandla amancinci kakhulu anokubangela ukutshiza okugqithisileyo (ukugxothwa) kunye nokuncamathela kwe-electrode.
Isisombululo: Ukuphucula umatshini wakho wokuwelda weAluminiyam
Ukuphelisa i-welds ebandayo kufuna indlela ebanzi eqala ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo echanekileyo.
I-Advanteji ye-Medium Frequency DC (MFDC) Technology
Kumgangatho ophezulu-umgangatho ophezulu wokuwelda indawo ye-aluminiyam, umgangatho woshishino utshintshile ukusuka kwiiwelder ze-AC eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-Medium Frequency Direct Current (MFDC) inverter technology. Iinzuzo zibalulekile:
- Ukuchaneka kunye nesantya: Iinkqubo ze-MFDC zisebenza kwii-frequencies eziphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-1,000 Hz ukuya kwi-4,000 Hz), evumela ixesha lokuphendula elingaphantsi kwe-0.5 millisecond. Olu nikezelo lwamandla olukhawulezayo, oluchanekileyo lubalulekile ekoyiseni ukuhanjiswa kwe-aluminiyam ephezulu ye-thermal.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Imveliso ye-DC inciphisa ilahleko eguquguqukayo, yenza inkqubo ibe namandla ngakumbi-isebenze kwaye izinzile xa ithelekiswa neenkqubo ze-AC.
- Weld Consistency: Ulawulo oluphezulu kwifomu yamaza yangoku iqinisekisa igalelo lobushushu elingaguqukiyo, elibalulekileyo ekugcineni umgangatho we-nugget kuwo wonke{0}}umthamo wemveliso ephezulu.
Ulawulo lweParameter echanekileyo
I-aluminiyam yokuwelda ifuna iiparamitha ezahluke kakhulu kwintsimbi - ngokuqhelekileyo 2 ukuya ku-3 amaxesha angoku kunye namaxesha amafutshane kakhulu, njengoko kuchaziwe kwimigangatho efana ne-AWS C1.1 kunye ne-ISO 18595.
| Ukutyeba kwezinto (mm) | Amandla e-Electrode (kN) | I-Welding yangoku (kA) | Ixesha le-Weld (Izijikelezo/60Hz) | Ujoliso lwe-Nugget Diameter (mm) |
| 0.8 | 2.0 - 3.0 | 18 - 22 | 3 - 5 | 4.5 - 5.0 |
| 1.2 | 3.0 - 4.5 | 24 - 30 | 5 - 8 | 5.5 - 6.0 |
| 1.5 | 4.0 - 5.5 | 28 - 35 | 6 - 10 | 6.0 - 7.0 |
Eyona Nkqubo: Sebenzisa ishedyuli -ye-pulse welding. I-pre{2}}weld pulse ingasetyenziselwa ukugqobhoza umaleko weoxide, ilandelwe yeyona pulse yewelding ukuze kudityaniswe, kunye nesithuba-weld temper pulse ukunciphisa isantya sokupholisa kunye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka.
Essential Pre{0}}uLungiso lweWeld Surface
Umphezulu ococekileyo awuxoxis-. Kwanowona matshini uphambili wokuwelda awunakuhlawulela imeko embi yomphezulu.
- Ukucoca ngoomatshini: Sebenzisa iibhrashi zocingo zentsimbi ezinikeleyo okanye iisistim zokurhweba ezizenzekelayo ukususa umaleko weoxide.
- Ukucoca ngemichiza: Sebenzisa izisombululo ze-asidi epholileyo okanye ze-alkaline kwi-chemical deoxidation.
- Ubuzaza bexesha: IAluminiyam iqala ukuphinda{0}}ifake ioksijini ngoko nangoko. I-Welding kufuneka yenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-2 kwiiyure ze-8 zokulungiswa kwendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhathisa okuhambelanayo.
Ulawulo lwe-Electrode kunye noLondolozo
I-electrode yobhedu kunye ne-aluminium ngokulula kwi-alloy kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ukuba ubuso be-electrode bungcoliseke kwaye butshintshe imilo (ukunamathela).
- Ubume be-Electrode: Sebenzisa idome-emilo yee-electrode ezinobuso obuyi-50mm ukuya kwi-100mm.
- Ukunxiba okuzenzekelayo: Sebenzisa inkqubo yokugqoka i-electrode ezenzekelayo. I-Electrodes kufuneka inxibe kancinci emva kwe-welds nganye engama-50 ukuya kwi-100 ukugcina ijometri echanekileyo kunye ne-conductivity, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza komatshini wakho we-welding uhlala ulungile.
Ukuqinisekiswa koMgangatho kunye noPhuculo oluqhubekayo
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo, sebenzisa inkqubo yokuqinisekisa eyomeleleyo:
- Uvavanyo olutshabalalisayo: Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-peel lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-weld nugget diameter idibana nobungakanani obufunekayo.
- Alulo-uVavanyo oluLonakalisayo (NDT): Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, sebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic okanye ukujongwa kokumelana okuguquguqukayo ukujonga iziphene zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa inxalenye.
- UkuLonwa kwedatha: Sebenzisa iinkqubo ze-Industrial IoT (IIoT) ukuze ungene kwi-curve yangoku, amandla, kunye nexesha le-weld nganye, ukubonelela ngokulandelelana okupheleleyo kunye nokuququzelela ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo eqhubekayo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuphelisa iiwelds ezibandayo kwi-aluminium kufuna ukuzinikela ngokuchanekileyo kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo. Ngotyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe be-MFDC, ngokubambelela kwimigaqo engqongqo yepharamitha, kunye nokugcina ulawulo olungqongqo kunye nolawulo lwe-electrode, abavelisi banokufikelela amakhonkco athembekileyo, aphezulu{1}}amandla adibana okanye agqithise imigangatho yoshishino.
