Kwimveliso yanamhlanje echanekileyo, iUmatshini wokuwelda wokugcina amandlaiye yaba lilitye lembombo lokuwelda amacandelo emoto, iindawo zombane, kunye{0}}nezintsimbi ezingezizo. Iinzuzo zayo eziphambili ziquka amaxesha amafutshane kakhulu okukhupha (ngokuqhelekileyo i-3ms ukuya kwi-15ms) kunye nefuthe elincinci kwigridi yamandla.
Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi abaninzi bayasokola ngamandla angahambelaniyo weld okanye "welds ezibandayo" ngexesha lemveliso. Le miba ayinyusi nje kuphela amaxabiso ezinto ezilahliweyo kodwa ikwabeka nemingcipheko ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko. Eli nqaku libonelela ngobunzulu bobuchwephesha bokuntywila kwiingcambu ze-welds ezibuthathaka kwaye libonelela ngezicwangciso eziqikelelwayo zokwandisa kunye nesikhokelo sokuthengwa kwempahla.
Izizathu ezi-4 zobuGcisa emva kweeWelds ezibuthathaka
1. Ukungalingani phakathi kwe-Welding Energy kunye neeParameters
Ukukhutshwa kwamandla kumatshini wokuwelda wogcino lwaMandla kulandela ifomula ebonakalayo $E=\\frac{1}{2}CU^2$ (apho u-E ingamandla, u-C unamandla, kunye nombane otshajayo). Abaqhubi abaninzi baxhomekeke kuphela kwi-intuition ukulungelelanisa i-voltage ngelixa betyeshela ukuhambelana kwemveliso yamandla. Ukuba i-voltage ibekwe phantsi kakhulu, ubushushu obubangelwa yi-Joule abunelanga ukunyibilikisa isinyithi, okukhokelela "kwi-weld ebandayo."
Ngokwahlukileyo, amandla amaninzi abangela ukugxothwa kwentsimbi enzima (i-spatter), ukudala i-voids ngaphakathi kwe-weld nugget. Imigangatho yoshishino icebisa ukuba ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane ukwenzela ukuchaneka okucekeceke okucekethekileyo-kuwelding yepleyiti kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphakathi ±1% ukunqanda ujingiso olumandla kwimfezeko yeweld.
2. Uxinzelelo lweMechanism "Ukulandela" kunye neempazamo zeenombolo
Ukuwelda kogcino lwamandla kubandakanya uqhushumbo kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu, nto leyo efuna ukulandeleka okukhethekileyo kwindlela yoxinzelelo lwentloko yokuwelda. Ukuba kukho ukukhuhla okugqithisileyo kwe-cylinder okanye inertia ephezulu yomatshini, uxinzelelo alukwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza njengoko isinyithi sinyibilika. Le lag idala i-arc kwi-interface ye-weld, ekhokelela "kwi-blowouts" okanye izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezinama-porous.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwe-welding kwiindawo ezincinci ezichanekileyo kufuneka zibekwe phakathi kwe-500N kunye ne-1200N, ngelixa iinqununu ezinkulu zesakhiwo zinokufuna ngaphezulu kwe-2000N. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lunciphisa ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano kakhulu, okubangela ukushisa okunganeleyo, ngelixa uxinzelelo olungonelanga lubangela ukutshiswa kwendawo ngenxa yokuchasana okuphezulu.
3. "Imeko{1}}eyeyona ilungileyo" ye-Electrode
Ii-Electrodes zisebenza njengezikhondaktha zombane kunye nomthwalo obonakalayo-izixhobo zokuthwala. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ii-electrode ziphuhlisa umaleko weoksidi okanye zenze i-deformation yeplastiki (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "mushrooming"), ebangela ukuxinana kwangoku kwehle.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-diameter ye-electrode tip inyuka ukusuka kwi-5mm ukuya kwi-6mm, indawo yoqhagamshelwano ikhula ngama-44%, ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukuxinwa kwangoku malunga nesithathu.
Iingcali zincoma ukusebenzisa i-Chromium Zirconium Copper (CuCrZr) okanye i-Beryllium Copper kunye nokwenza i-standard resurfacing yonke i-500 ukuya kwi-1,000 welds ukugcina i-conductivity ephezulu.
4. Ungcoliseko lweMicroscopic Surface
I-welding yokugcina amandla inomdla kakhulu kwimeko engaphezulu ye-workpiece. Isikali, umhlwa{1}}i-oyile ezinqandayo, okanye ukucakwa okungalinganiyo kunokutshintsha kakhulu ukuxhathisa ukudibana. Kubhedu-ukuya{4}}kwi-aluminiyam yokuwelda, umzekelo, ukuxhathisa kwefilimu ye-oxide kuphezulu kakhulu kunoko kwesiseko sesinyithi.
Ngaphandle kokucoca i-ultrasonic okanye i-chemical etching, ukushisa kugxininise kumphezulu kunokuba ngundoqo we-nugget. Oku kudala "ibhondi engaphezulu" ekhohlisayo apho ubuphakathi buhlala{1}}bunganyibilika, ngokungaphumeleliyo ukutsalwa{2}}kwethebhu okanye uvavanyo lokucheba.
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ukunyusa amandla e-Weld
1. Ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo: Ukusekwa kweThala leeNcwadi leParamitha eDynamic
Abavelisi kufuneka baseke iimatriki zeeparamitha ezisemgangathweni ngokusekelwe kubunzima bezinto kunye nohlobo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonelela ngesiseko sezinto eziqhelekileyo; ezi kufuneka zilungile-zilungiswe ngokusekwe kutsalo lokwenyani{2}}iziphumo zovavanyo:
| Uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo | Ukutyeba (mm) | Umbane wokutshaja (V) | Uxinzelelo lweWelding (N) | Amandla otsalo alindelekileyo (kN) |
| Intsimbi yeCarbon ephantsi | 1.0 + 1.0 | 180 - 240 | 1200 - 1500 | > 3.5 |
| Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo | 0.8 + 0.8 | 150 - 200 | 1000 - 1300 | > 4.0 |
|
Amacandelo obhedu |
0.5 + 0.5 | 280 - 350 | 600 - 900 | > 1.2 |
2. ULondolozo kunye noPhuculo: I-Routine "Checkups" yeeCapacitors kunye ne-Electrodes
I-capacitor "yintliziyo" yomatshini we-welding yokugcina amandla. -izinga eliphantsi le-capacitors lingagula kukubola emva kwexesha elide{2}}lokusetyenziswa rhoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba i-voltage setting ihlala ingatshintshi, imveliso yamandla yangempela iyancipha.
Sincoma uvavanyo lwekota kunye nemitha ye-capacitance yobungcali; ukuba ukubola kudlula i-10% yexabiso legama, i-capacitor kufuneka ithathelwe indawo ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, ukugcina i-log ehlaziyiweyo ye-electrode iqinisekisa uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kuwo onke amanqaku e-weld.
Iikhrayitheriya eziPhambili zokuKhetha{0}}Isixhobo sokuSebenza esiPhezulu
Ukuba ngoku ukwimarike yezixhobo ezitsha, ezi nqobo zokugweba zintathu ziya kukunceda uchonge{0}}ukusebenza okuphezulu ngokwenene umatshini wokuwelda wogcino lwamandla:
- Imveliso yecandelo:Beka phambili koomatshini abaxhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezizodwa eziphezulu{0}}zokukhutshwa rhoqo okuvela kwiibrendi ezithembekileyo (umz., iNippon Chemi{3}}Con, iRubycon). Ezi ngokuqhelekileyo zibonelela ngobomi bezigidi zemijikelo, engaphezulu lee kwii-capacitors ezisemgangathweni.
- Ubunzulu boLawulo lweDijithali:Oomatshini-abaphezulu kufuneka babonise-iteknoloji yokutshaja rhoqo kunye nembuyekezo-evaliweyo lombane welophu. Nokuba igridi yamandla efektri iguquguquka ngexesha leeyure eziphakamileyo, inkqubo yolawulo kufuneka ilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo ixesha lokutshaja ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki ngokupheleleyo kwamandla okukhutshwa ngakunye.
- Ukuchaneka kweNkqubo yoxinzelelo:Jonga ukuba umtshini usebenzisa-iisilinda ezikhubekisayo eziphantsi okanye i-servo{1}}inkqubo yoxinzelelo oluqhutywayo. Ukulandeleka okuphezulu kunciphisa kakhulu isitshizi kwaye kukhokelela kwindawo egudileyo, enobuhle ngakumbi beweld{3}}ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthumeleni ngaphandle{4}}ihardware yomgangatho ochanekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukusombulula umba we-welds obuthathaka kumatshini we-Welding wokugcinwa kwamandla kufuna okungaphezulu nje "kokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza" okanye ukulungiswa okungahleliwe. Ngokuphumeza ulungelelwaniso lweparamitha yenzululwazi, ukulungiswa komphezulu ongqongqo, kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kwezixhobo zempilo, abavelisi banokwakha inkqubo evaliweyo yokulawula umgangatho welophu.
Oku akuphuculi ukukhuphisana kweemarike kuphela kodwa kukwanciphisa iindleko zemveliso zizonke ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kwimingeni entsonkothileyo ye-metallurgical, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nababoneleli abanezatifikethi ze-ISO kwaye banamava abanzi kwishishini ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zenkqubo ye-welding.
