Yintoni omawuyazi xa uWelding iStainless Steel?

Insimbi engagqwali, enokumelana nokugqwesa okuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana neemoto, i-aerospace, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yeI-Resistance Spot Weldingintsimbi engenastainless inika imingeni eyodwa.

Iimpawu zayo zendalo{0}}eziphezulu zokuxhathisa umbane kunye nokuqhuba okuphantsi kwe-thermal{1}}ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nolawulo ngexesha le-welding ukunqanda iziphene eziqhelekileyo njengokugxothwa (i-spatter), i-shrinkage voids, okanye i-welds ebuthathaka. Ukugqwesa inkqubo yewelding yeMedium Frequency Direct Current (MFDC)amabala abawelderibalulekile ekufezekiseni uzinzo,-amandla aphezulu wokuwelda.

Ubunzima kwi-welding steel stainless ngokuyinhloko buvela kwiimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zezinto eziphathekayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ethambileyo (ephantsi{1}intsimbi yekhabhoni), intsimbi engaxutywanga inesithinteli sombane esimalunga namaxesha amathandathu aphezulu, ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal kusezantsi kakhulu.

Ezi mpawu zifuna "ixesha elifutshane, eliphezulu langoku" isicwangciso sokuwelda ngokukhawuleza kwintsimbi engenasici. Iifrikhwensi zomgca oqhelekileyo (50Hz/60Hz) abashiseli bamabala bayasokola ukuhambisa umsinga ochanekileyo, ozinzileyo ophezulu ngaphakathi kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ke ngoko, i-Medium Frequency Direct Current (MFDC) spot welder lolona khetho lukhethwayo lwentsimbi engenasici. I-DC ekufutshane -yemveliso ye-DC ebonelelwa yi-MFDC ivumela i-millisecond -inqanaba lolawulo lwangoku kunye nokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kobushushu, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo igalelo lobushushu, obubuchwephesha obuphambili bokunqoba ubunzima be-welding steel stainless.

Undoqo we-welding yendawo ilele ekulinganiseni iiparamitha ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: i-welding current, amandla e-electrode, kunye nexesha le-weld. Zixhomekeke kwaye zidibanisa ngokudibeneyo ukubunjwa kwe-weld nugget kunye nomgangatho we-weld.

1. I-Welding yangoku: Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-Heat Input

I-welding yangoku yinto emisela ukuveliswa kobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding. Ngokutsho koMthetho kaJoule, ubushushu be-$ Q$ obuveliswe kwindawo yokumelana ne-welding ilingana nesikwere se-$ I $ yangoku ($ Q \\ propto I^ 2Rt $). Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho oluncinci lwangoku lunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukushisa kwe-welding.

Ngenxa yokumelana nombane ophezulu wensimbi engenasici, ivelisa ubushushu obaneleyo kumbane ophantsi. Ngenxa yoko, okukhoyo ngoku okufunekayo kwintsimbi yestainless spot welding ngokwesiqhelo yi-10% ukuya kuma-30% ngaphantsi kunaleyo yentsimbi ethambileyo enobukhulu obufanayo.

• Anelanga ngoku:Ubushushu obuveliswayo abunelanga ukwenza i-weld nugget esebenzayo, ekhokelela kwi-weld ebuthathaka okanye ebandayo.
• Ngokugqithisileyo ngoku:Ngephanyazo ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi, ibangela ukunyibilika kwesinyithi okugqithisileyo kwaye kukhokelela ekugxothweni (i-spatter). Oku akuchaphazeli nje inkangeleko ye-weld, kodwa kunciphisa ubomi be-electrode.

Abashiseli bamabala e-MFDC basebenzisa ubuchwephesha obuphezulu be-inverter{0}i-frequency inverter ukuze bafezekise uLawulo lwangoku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba oku kuhlala kukwixabiso elibekiweyo ngaphandle kokuguquguquka kwigridi yamandla okanye utshintsho kwi-workpiece resistance. Oku kusisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuzinza komgangatho weweld yentsimbi.

2. I-Electrode Force: Isitshixo ekupheliseni ukugxothwa

I-electrode force luxinzelelo lomatshini olusetyenziswa zii-electrode ze-welder's welder's workpieces. Impembelelo yayo kwinkqubo ye-welding iphindwe kabini:

• Qhagamshelana noLawulo lokuNchasa:Amandla afanelekileyo aqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza kunye naphakathi kwee-workpieces kunye ne-electrodes, ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa koqhagamshelwano. Oku kunceda ukusabalalisa ubushushu ngokulinganayo, ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-sound weld nugget. Amandla angonelanga akhokelela ekuchaseni ukunxibelelana ngokugqithisileyo, kugxininise ubushushu kwindawo kwaye kuthanda kakhulu ukugxothwa.
• Ukuthintela uTshintsho kunye nokushwabana:Amandla aneleyo afaka isinyithi esityhidiweyo kwindawo ye-weld nugget, ukukhusela ukuba ingakhutshelwa kumaqondo aphezulu. Ikwacinezela ngokufanelekileyo i-voids yokucutheka kunye neentanda ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokupholisa-kwe-weld.

Kwinsimbi engenasici, amandla e-electrode aqhele ukuba phezulu kancinci kunentsimbi ethambileyo ukoyisa amandla aphezulu emveliso yentsimbi engenasici kunye nokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olusondeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, amandla agqithisileyo anokubangela ukujula okunzulu okanye ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokusebenza, echaphazela ubuhle bemveliso.

3. Ixesha le-Weld: Ubugcisa beeMilisecond

Ixesha le-Weld libhekisela kwixesha apho i-current ihamba khona kwii-workpieces, ngokuqhelekileyo zilinganiswe kwii-Cycles okanye i-milliseconds (ms) (kwi-60Hz i-frequency frequency, 1 cycle=16.67ms; kwi-50Hz, 1 cycle=20ms).

I-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal ye-stainless steel ithetha ukuba ubushushu abupheli lula. Ke ngoko, ixesha elifutshane kakhulu le-weld (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwemijikelo emi-3 kunye ne-15) liyafuneka ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza ukubunjwa kwe-weld nugget kunye nokuthintela ukuqokelelana kobushushu obugqithisileyo.

• Ixesha elifutshane kakhulu:I-weld nugget ayenziwanga ngokupheleleyo, okukhokelela kumandla anganeleyo.
• Ixesha elide kakhulu:Ubushushu -Indawo echaphazelekayo (HAZ) iyanwenwa, inokuba nobungozi bomaleko wensimbi engenastainless, ekhokelela kwi-tint yobushushu (i-discoloration / blackening), kunye nokwanda kokuchaphazeleka kwi-intergranular corrosion, ngaloo ndlela ibeka esichengeni ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion.

Iiwelder zale mihla ze-MFDC zinokulawula ixesha le-weld ngokuchaneka kwe-millisecond, okubalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuqokelelwa kobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuwelda intsimbi.

Ukufumana ireferensi esebenzayo, le shedyuli ilandelayo eyenziwe lula isekelwe kwi-American Welding Society (AWS) ecetyiswayo yeendlela zokusebenzisa i-austenitic stainless steels (njenge-AISI 301, 304, 316). Nceda qaphela ukuba ezi parameters ziqala amaxabiso ereferensi kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe{4}}ngokusekwe kwisixhobo esithile kunye nemathiriyeli kwisicelo sokwenene.

• Qaphela: Amandla e-Electrode aguqulwa ukusuka kwi-LB ukuya kwi-N (1 LB ≈ 4.45 N); I-welding current iguqulwa ukusuka ku-A ukuya kwi-kA; Amandla e-Shear aguqulwa ukusuka kwi-LB ukuya kwi-kN (1 LB ≈ 0.00445 kN).
• Imijikelezo isekelwe kwi-frequency ye-60Hz yomgca. Ukuba usebenzisa i-50Hz, ixesha kufuneka landiswe nge-20% ngokufanelekileyo. Oomatshini be-MFDC bavumela useto oluchanekileyo ngakumbi usebenzisa i-milliseconds (ms).

Ii-Electrodes zidlala indima ephindwe kathathu ekudibaniseni amabala: ukuqhuba umsinga, ukusebenzisa amandla, kunye nokuchitha ubushushu. Ukukhetha kwabo kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile kumgangatho we-weld.

1. Izinto ze-Electrode kunye noKhetho lweSimo seNgcebiso

Ukwenzela ukuwelda indawo yentsimbi, -ukuqhuba okuphezulu,-ubulukhuni bemathiriyeli ye-electrode kufuneka isetyenziswe. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yiChromium Zirconium Copper (CrZrCu, iRWMA Class 2) . Esi sixhobo sinikeza ibhalansi ye-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane (ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa ngoku ngokufanelekileyo) kunye nobunzima obaneleyo (ukumelana nokuguqulwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu).

Ubume bencam ye-electrode ngokuqhelekileyo yiTruncated Cone okanye iDome.

• Ikhowuni eNcinciweyo:Ngokufanelekileyo igxininise uxinzelelo kunye nekhoyo ngoku, ilungele uninzi lwezicelo ze-stainless steel spot welding, kwaye kulula ukuyinxiba.
• IDome:Inommandla woqhagamshelwano omkhudlwana, obonelela ngoxinaniso lwangoku olufanayo, olulungele usetyenziso apho ukujongwa komphezulu kufuneka kuncitshiswe.

2. Ukupholisa kunye nokugqoka: Ukuqinisekisa uBomi be-Electrode kunye ne-Weld Consistency

Ukupholisa ngundoqo ekugcinweni kwe-electrode. Ubushushu obubalulekileyo obuveliswe ngexesha le-welding yensimbi engenasici kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza kwii-electrodes ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa amanzi. Ukupholisa kwamanzi okusebenzayo kwangaphakathi kugcina iqondo lokushisa le-electrode elizinzile, likhusela i-electrode ekuthobeni ngenxa yokushisa, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa i-electrode sticking and mushrooming.

Ukugqoka rhoqo i-electrode tip kuyimfuneko ukugcina ukuhambelana kwe-weld. I-Electrodes inxiba kunye ne-deform (oko kukuthi, "i-mushrooming") emva kwe-welding eqhubekayo, eyandisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano, iyancipha ukuxinana kwangoku, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelela kumandla e-weld engazinzanga. Ukusebenzisa isinxibo se-electrode esizenzekelayo siqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kwe-electrode incam yejiyometri, ebaluleke kakhulu{4}kumgangatho ophezulu,{5}}imveliso yevolyum ephezulu.

Kubasebenzisi abafuna ukuwelda indawo ephezulu yentsimbi estainless {0}ekumgangatho ophezulu, ukukhetha umatshini ochanekileyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Nazi iingcebiso zokuthenga ezisekelwe kwimigaqo ye-EEAT:

1. Beka phambili iTekhnoloji ye-Medium Frequency Direct Current (MFDC).

I-MFDC spot welder ngumgangatho woshishino wokuwelda indawo yentsimbi. Xa kuthelekiswa neendawo zokuwelda zelayini ezitshintshayo zangoku (AC), iMFDC ibonelela ngezi nzuzo zingundoqo zilandelayo:

• Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwangoku:Ubuninzi bemveliso yi-1000Hz okanye ngaphezulu, ukubonelela ngokuchaneka kolawulo lwangoku kuphezulu kakhulu kune-50Hz / 60Hz koomatshini be-frequency line.
• Igalelo loBubushushu obuNxibeleleyo:Ukunyuka okukhawulezileyo kwangoku kunye namaxesha okuwa avumela ukukhutshelwa kwamandla agxile kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu{0}}INdawo eChaphazelekileyo.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla:Amandla aphezulu, ubukhulu be-transformer encinci, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.

2. Vavanya ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kweNkqubo yoLawulo

Isixhobo sokuwelda esisemagqabini kufuneka sixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yolawulo ephucukileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuwelda intsimbi engenakutyiwa:

• Ulawulo lwangoku/Oluqhubekayo lombane:Iqinisekisa ukuba i-welding yangoku okanye i-voltage ihlala ingachatshazelwa kukuguquguquka kwegridi yamandla kunye notshintsho kwi-impedance ye-workpiece, eyona nto iphambili kumgangatho ozinzileyo we-weld.
• Okuninzi-Ukukwazi ukuPulsa:Ifaka imisebenzi emininzi-ye-pulse kubushushu bangaphambili, i-weld, kunye nomsindo (isithuba-ubushushu), ngakumbi i-pulse yomsindo, enceda ukucokisa ubume be-weld nugget, ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo, kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwe-weld.
• Ugcino lwedatha kunye nokulandelelwa:Ukukwazi ukugcina kunye nokulandelela iiparitha ze-welding, iifom zamaza zangoku, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zale mihla zoshishino zolawulo lomgangatho kunye nokulandeleka.

3. Ukuqina komatshini kunye noZinzo lweNkqubo yoxinzelelo

Ubunzima bomatshini bomzimba we-welder buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuzinza kunye nokuhambelana kwamandla e-electrode. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, nokuba ukuguqulwa okuncinci komzimba womatshini kunye nesixhobo soxinzelelo sinokuchitha amandla, sibeke esichengeni umgangatho we-weld.

• I-Pneumatic/Servo Pressure System:Beka phambili iServo Motor Pressure System, enikezela ngolawulo oluchaneke ngakumbi, olukhawulezayo, noluphinda-phindayo ngakumbi kuneenkqubo zepneumatic zemveli, iyenze ifanelekele ngakumbi{0}igeyiji yokuwelda yentsimbi ecocekileyo apho ubunzulu bokungena kulawulwa ngokungqongqo.

4. Ukubaluleka emva{1}}kwentengiso kunye neNkxaso yobuGcisa

Intsimbi yestainless spot welding yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwiparameter tuning. Ukukhetha umboneleli obonelela ngenkxaso yobuchwephesha yobuchwephesha kunye nolwazi olubanzi emva{1}}kwenkonzo yokuthengisa kubalulekile. Kufuneka banikezele:

• IsiKhokelo ngeNkqubo yeWelding:Ingcebiso yokuphucula iParameter elungiselelwe amabakala athile ensimbi engenasici kunye nobukhulu.
• Isampulu yeNkonzo yokuWelding yasimahla:Ivumela uvavanyo lwe-workpiece yokwenyani phambi kokuthenga ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo.
• Ubonelelo lwezahlulo eziSpare:Iqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwangexesha kwamacandelo abalulekileyo afana ne-electrode kunye nee-transformers.

Ukuqukumbela

Stainless steel spot welding yinkqubo yobunjineli ecwangcisiweyo efuna umgangatho ophezulu -wentsebenziswano yokulungisa izinto, ulawulo lwenkqubo, kunye nokukhetha izixhobo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla achanekileyo olawulo lwe-MFDC abashiseli bamabala, babambelele ngokungqongqo kwiinkqubo zokucoca imathiriyeli, kunye nokucokiseka{2}}ukulungisa inkqubo esekwe kwishedyuli egunyazisiweyo yeparamitha, ungaqhubeleka ukuzuza{3}}amandla aphezulu, ucoceko, kunye nomhlwa{4}}i-welds ezixhathisayo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho.

Xa ukhetha izixhobo, beka phambili ubuchwephesha beMFDC,{0}}iisistim zolawulo ezichanekileyo, kunye nokuqina komatshini njengengqwalasela engundoqo. Oku kuya kuba sisiseko esiluqilima sokuzuza{2}umgangatho ophezulu wokuwelda intsimbi engenastainless.

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