I-Diffusion welding iye yaba yintloko yetekhnoloji kwi-aerospace, i-semiconductor, kunye nemizi-mveliso yenyukliya ngenxa yesakhono saso esisodwa sokudala i-atomic{0}}level metallurgical bonds kunye nomzali{1}}amandla e-material kunye ne-zero macroscopic deformation. Iinjineli ezifuna{3}}izisombululo zokujoyina eziphezulu, ukuqonda okunzulu kweusasazo welding machineisakhiwo kunye ne-synergy eyinkimbinkimbi yemimandla yayo ebonakalayo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kwenkqubo kunye nokuthembeka kwecandelo.
Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngocazululo lobugcisa lweenkqubo ezine ezingundoqo ezichaza izixhobo zokuwelding zanamhlanje.
Inkqubo yokufudumeza
Inkqubo yokufudumeza isebenza njengendlu yamandla yomatshini we-welding we-diffusion, onikwe umsebenzi wokudala indawo efanayo kunye nokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwe-thermal. Ukusukela ukuba inkqubo yokudibanisa ixhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenziseni ubushushu beathom, nokuguquguquka okuncinci kwamaqondo obushushu kunokuchaphazela kakhulu umlinganiso wosasazo{1}}olawulwa yi-equation ye-Arrhenius{2}}ngaloo ndlela imisela umgangatho wokugqibela webhondi yesinyithi kujongano.
Iindlela zokufudumeza kunye nokuchaneka kobushushu
- Kwizixhobo zodidi -, ukufudumeza ukuxhathisa sesona sisombululo sixhaphakileyo. Ubume bayo obungundoqo bubandakanya izinto zokufudumeza ezenziwe ngemicu ye-molybdenum, iingcingo ze-tungsten, okanye{2}}igraphite ecocekileyo. Ezi ziqalelo zicwangciswe kuqwalaselo lwezowuni ezininzi-ukuzisa ubushushu obuqaqambileyo kumsetyenzana wokusebenzela. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal kunye nokukhusela iindonga ze-vacuum vacuum, ezi zinto zikhuselwe yinkqubo ye-metallic insulation system equka iindidi ezininzi ze-molybdenum kunye nezikhuselo zokushisa zensimbi ezingenasici.
- Ukuthintela ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwe-thermal okanye ukothuka okuziinkozo okubangelwa kukwehla kobushushu obugqithisileyo,{0}} oomatshini bokusebenza kufuneka bagcine ukuchaneka kobushushu ngaphakathi ± 1 idigri ukuya ±2 degree. Ukufezekisa eli nqanaba lolawulo kufuna ukuhlanganiswa kweplatinam ephezulu{4}}echanekileyo{5}}rhodium thermocouples (Uhlobo S okanye B) kunye ne-PID ephucukileyo{6}}yobuchule bokucwangcisa.
- Ngokusebenzisa -ubuchwephesha bolawulo oluzimeleyo lwezowuni, inkqubo yahlula iziko kwiindawo ezibhadlileyo ezicacileyo, ihlengahlengisa ngamandla imveliso yamandla eSilicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) ngokusekwe kwimpendulo yokwenyani{1}}yexesha loluvo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukufana okushushu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza esebenzayo kuhlala kuluhlu olungqongqo lwe-±5 degree.
Ukuthelekiswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zokufudumeza i-Element Materials
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Ubuninzi beTemp yokuSebenza | Okusingqongileyo | Iimpawu zobuGcisa kunye neeNgcebiso |
| Molybdenum | 1700 idigri | Vacuum ephezulu | Ubunyulu obuphezulu kakhulu; akukho zingcoliseko eziguqukayo. Ikhethwa kwi-semiconductor{1}}yebakala lokuwelda. |
| Igraphite | 2200 idigri | Vacuum/Igesi engasebenziyo | Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye neendleko-ezisebenzayo, nangona imingcipheko yokungcoliseka kwekhabhoni kufuneka ilawulwe kwiintsimbi ezithile. |
| Tungsten | 2800 degree | Ultra-Ivacuum ephezulu | Ilungele ukudityaniswa kobushushu obuphezulu -kwintsimbi ekhanyelayo njengeNiobium, iTantalum, kunye neMolybdenum. |
Inkqubo yokuLayisha ngoxinzelelo
Inkqubo yokulayisha uxinzelelo yintsika yesibini ebalulekileyo ye-diffusion welding. Owona msebenzi wayo uphambili kukoyisa i-microscopic surface asperities ngokusebenzisa umthwalo wangaphandle obangela ukuguqulwa kweplastiki yendawo yendawo, ukuzisa isithuba se-athom kwi-interface ngaphakathi koluhlu lomtsalane we-interatomic. Kwimeko yesakhiwo somatshini we-welding we-diffusion, ukuzinza kunye nesisombululo solawulo loxinzelelo luchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuxinana kunye nokunyaniseka kokubambisana.
Hydraulic vs. Servo Systems
Iisistim zoxinzelelo zilandela iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa: ihydraulic kunye ne-servo{0}}ukulayisha okuqhutywayo.
- Iisistim zeHydraulic zisebenzisa ulwelo olwenziwa ngolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi ukuhambisa amandla ngokusebenza okuphezulu-iivalvu ze-servo ezisebenza ngokulinganayo. Inzuzo yabo yokuqala ikumthwalo wabo omkhulu, kunye -neyunithi eyodwa yamandla adlula ngokulula kwi-100 ukuya kwi-1000 yeetoni.
- Nangona kunjalo, iisistim zehydraulic zihlala zihlupheka kumgca obuthathaka kumanqanaba oxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye zibeka umngcipheko wokungcoliseka kolwelo ngaphakathi kwemeko yevacuum.
Ngokuchaseneyo, ii-servo{0}}iinkqubo eziqhutywayo zisebenzisa iimotor ze-servo ukuqhuba izikrufu ezichanekileyo zebhola, ukunika isisombululo solawulo oluphezulu kunye nempendulo eguqukayo. Ezi nkqubo zinokugcina ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-± 0.1% FS (Isikali esiPheleleyo) kwaye zinike izisombululo zokufuduka njenge-0.1μm ukuya kwi-1μm. Oku kuchaneka kubalulekile kwi{6}}ekubekwe iliso kwexesha lokwenyani kunye nembuyekezo yezinto ezirhubuluza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Uthelekiso lobuGcisa: Hydraulic vs. Servo Loading Systems
| IMetric yobuGcisa | Inkqubo yeHydraulic | I-Servo{0}Inkqubo eqhutywayo | |
| 1 | Ukuchaneka koxinzelelo | Ngokwesiqhelo ±1% ukuya ±3% FS | Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-±0.1% ukuya ku-±0.5% FS |
| 2 | ISigqibo sokufuduswa | malunga. 0.01mm ukuya ku-0.1mm | Eyokugqibela-isohlwayo, 0.1μm ukuya ku-1μm |
| 3 | Impendulo enamandla | Kancinci (ngokuqhelekileyo > 100ms) | Ngokukhawuleza (ngokuqhelekileyo <50ms) |
| 4 | Ucoceko |
Umngcipheko wokuvuza kweoli; ifuna ukulungiswa |
I-oyile{{0}isimahla kwaye icocekile; ilungele indawo zevacuum |
| 5 | Usetyenziso | Enkulu-kakhulu, enzima{1}umsebenzi wecandelo lesakhiwo | Ii-elektroniki ezichanekileyo, izixhobo zonyango, iifoyile ezibhityileyo |
Inkqubo yokulawula
Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yingqondo" yomatshini, isixokelelwano solawulo silawula inkqubo engaphantsi komnye kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ingqamanisa izinto ezine zobushushu, uxinzelelo, uvacuum kunye nexesha.
Ulawulo lweNkqubo kunye nokuLonwa kweDatha
Iindawo zolawulo lwale mihla ziqhele ukwakhiwa kwi-PLC (uLawulo lweNgcaciso eYilwayo) okanye i-IPC (i-Industrial PC) yezakhiwo, evumela abasebenzisi ukuseta ngaphambili{0}iindlela zokupheka ezintsonkothileyo ezinamacandelo angaphezu kwama-30. Ngexesha lokusebenza, inkqubo yenza ulandelelwano olungqongqo{3}ukusuka kwi-vacuum roughing kunye nokufudumeza okunyathelweyo ukuya kuxinzelelo lwegradient,{4}}ukufunxwa kobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokupholisa okulawulwayo. Isampuli yesampulu ubuncinane ubuncinane be-10Hz iyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ibamba kwaye ihlawule ngokukhawuleza ukuhla koxinzelelo olubangelwa ukuthotywa kwezinto, ukugcina indawo edibeneyo ezinzileyo.
Kumashishini aneemfuno ezingqongqo zokulandela umkhondo, ezifana ne-aerospace, umsebenzi wokungena kwedatha ngowona ubalulekileyo. Ngokudibanisa i-Linear Variable Differential Transformer sensors, inkqubo irekhoda i-workpiece compression kunye ne-micron-echanekileyo kwinqanaba (ngokuqhelekileyo ± 0.001mm) kwaye ivelise i-tamper{3}iingxelo ze-PDF zobungqina. Ibhetshi nganye inikwe i-ID eyodwa, iqinisekisa ukuba inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo-ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo{6}}ithobela i-NADCAP okanye imigangatho yokulandelelwa kwe-ISO 9001.
Vacuum kunye ne-Atmosphere System
Ivacuum kunye ne-atmospheric system isebenza njengomgcini we-interface yokudibanisa ecocekileyo. Kuba i-welding ye-diffusion ifuna unxibelelwano kwisikali se-athom, nokuba umkhondo weefilimu ze-oksidi okanye iigesi ze-adsorbed zinokusebenza njengezithintelo zokufuduka kweathom.
Amanqanaba eVacuum kunye noLungiso lweNkqubo
Ubume obuqhelekileyo bomatshini wokuwelda bubonisa inkqubo yokumpompa yezigaba ezithathu equka impompo ejikelezayo enempompo, i-Roots blower, kunye{1}}nempompo yokufunxa ephezulu (nokuba yi-diffusion okanye impompo ye-turbomolecular).
Inkqubo iqala ngempompo yerotary vane yokurhaxa, ilandelwa yi Roots blower ukunyusa isantya sokumpompa kuluhlu oluphakathi lwevacuum, kwaye ekugqibeleni iphezulu -impompo yokufunxa ukufikelela kuxinzelelo oluphezulu phakathi kwe 5×10⁻³ Pa kunye ne 1×10⁻⁵ Pa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kungena kweoksijini ngexesha lokunyuka kweoksijini ngexesha elide lokufunxa, cinezela izinga lokuvuza ngezantsi, cinezela izinga lokuvuza 5 ngezantsi. Nge/h.
Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo ixhasa ukungeniswa kweegesi eziphakamileyo- zokucoceka (99.999% ubunyulu), ezifana neArgon. Ezi gesi zisebenza njengemithombo yokudlulisa ubushushu ukuze kunyuswe intsimi eshushu okanye njengee-arhente zokupholisa kwiinkqubo eziphezulu zokucima irhasi yoxinzelelo ({3}}esebenza phakathi kwe-2 bar kunye ne-15 bar) ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-microstructure ye-joint kunye ne-mechanical properties.
Ukuqukumbela
Uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwesakhiwo somatshini we-welding kunye neenkqubo zayo zokusebenza eziphambili linyathelo lokuqala ekukhetheni izixhobo ezinolwazi kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo eyimpumelelo. Xa zivavanya izixhobo, iinjineli kufuneka zibeke phambili ukufana kwe-thermal, ukuchaneka koxinzelelo lwe-loop evaliweyo, kunye nemfezeko yevacuum esekelwe kwiimpawu zemathiriyeli ezithile kunye nobunzima bokwakheka kweeprojekthi zabo. Ukuqonda ezi parameters ngundoqo ekufumaneni{3}umgangatho ophezulu, ibhondi yosasazo oluthembekileyo kwimveliso ephezulu.
