Kwimizi-mveliso yentsimbi efana nokuvelisa iimoto,{0}}izixhobo eziphezulu zekhaya, kunye nezixhobo ezichanekileyo, intsimbi engatyiwa isetyenziswa kakhulu ukomelela ukugqwala kwayo kunye neempawu zoomatshini.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendawo yayo ephezulu yokunyibilika, ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ephantsi, kunye nobuntununtunu bobushushu, bemveliukuwelda indawo(i-resistance welding) iinkqubo zihlala zijongene noluhlu lwemingeni enzima, kubandakanywa i-porosity, i-spatter, i-hot cracking, kunye ne-intergranular corrosion (i-sensitization).
Itekhnoloji yale mihla yokudibanisa amabala, ngakumbi abashiseli be-Medium Frequency Inverter (MFI), ibonelela ngesisombululo senzululwazi nesithembekileyo ngokulungiselela kakuhle ii-electrode, iiparamitha, kunye nokuhamba kwenkqubo.
I. Imiceli mngeni eNgenelwa kunye neTekhnoloji yokuLawula kwiStainless Steel Spot Welding
Insimbi engenasici, ngakumbi amabakala e-austenitic (afana ne-304 kunye ne-316), ithanda kakhulu iziphene ngexesha le-welding, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa ze-thermophysical:
| Isiphene esilucelomngeni | Unobangela Oyintloko Wenzeko | Umlinganiselo woBuchwephesha weSpot Welder wanamhlanje | |
| 1 | I-Spatter | Ukugqithiswa kwe-welding yangoku okanye ukungonelanga kwamandla e-electrode, okukhokelela ekugxothweni kokuqhuma kwe-nugget etyhidiweyo. | Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwangoku lwe-upslope kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo oluguqukayo. |
| 2 | I-Porosity | Ii-oksidi ezingakhutshwanga okanye ukufuma kwindawo ye-weld, okanye ukuqina ngokukhawuleza kwe-weld pool. | Ixesha elongeziweyo lokubamba, ukukhusela igesi engasebenziyo, kunye noyilo olulungisiweyo lwe-electrode. |
| 3 | Ukuqhekeka okushushu | Uxinzelelo lwe-shrinkage lugqithise amandla ezinto ngexesha eliphezulu{0}}lokuqina kobushushu bejoyinti yeweld. | Ulawulo olungqongqo lokungenisa ubushushu, ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusetyenziswa{0}}kwemathiriyeli yomgangatho ophezulu we-electrode. |
| 4 | Uvakalelo | I-welding thermal cycle ibangela ukuba insimbi engenasici ihlale ixesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa le-sensitization (i-450℃-850 degree), ekhokelela kwi-corrosion intergranular. | Ukusebenzisa "iShedyuli eNzima" weld, ebonakaliswe ngokuphezulu kwangoku kunye nexesha elifutshane, ukudlula ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokwazisa. |
Iiwelder zale mihla ziye zaphuculwa ngokubanzi, zombini kwihardware kunye nesoftware, ukujongana nale miba ingundoqo.
II. IThekhnoloji ePhambili yoku-1: UkuSebenzisa okuNcincisayo kunye noLondolozo lweNkqubo ye-Electrode
I-electrode isebenza "njengebhulorho" phakathi kwe-welder kunye ne-workpiece, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo ngokuthe ngqo kumisela ukufana koxinaniso lwangoku, ukusabalalisa ubushushu kunye nokutshintshwa koxinzelelo. Ukuphucula inkqubo ye-electrode yinyathelo lokuqala ekunciphiseni iziphene ze-welding.
1. Ukukhethwa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweeMathiriyeli ze-Electrode eziPhezulu
Ukuhlangabezana nokuxhathisa okuphezulu kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyibilika kwentsimbi engatyiwayo, izixhobo ze-electrode kufuneka zibene-conductivity ephezulu yombane kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu -.
- I-Chromium Zirconium Copper (Cr-Zr{1}}Cu): Le yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-electrode, enikezela nge-conductivity ephezulu kakhulu kunye nobunzima obuhle. Inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuzifudumeza kwe-electrode kwaye ngokukhawuleza iqhube ubushushu kude, ithintela incam ye-electrode ekubeni ithambe kwaye incamathele.
- I-Copper Tungsten Alloy (Cu{0}}W): Isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, okufana neshiti ezishinyeneyo zokuwelda okanye{1}}imijikelo ye-frequency welding. Cu{3}W ibonelela ngobomi benkonzo obude kunye nozinzo lokuxhathisa uqhagamshelwano.
Ngapha koko, imilo yejometri ye-electrode ibalulekile. Ukwamkela i-cone electrode design spherical or truncated cone iqinisekisa ukuxinwa kwangoku kunye noxinzelelo, ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwangoku kunye nokushisa kwendawo, ngaloo ndlela kubumba i-uniform weld nugget.
2. IiNkqubo zokuLondolozwa kwe-Electrode eCwangcisiweyo
I-oxidation kunye nokunxiba kumphezulu we-electrode zizinto eziphambili ze-spatter kunye neendawo ze-weld ezingahambelaniyo. Ukuphumeza iinkqubo zokugcinwa okungqongqo kungundoqo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho we-weld ongaguqukiyo.
- Ukugqoka okuqhelekileyo kwendawo yokunxiba: Ukugqoka rhoqo kusetyenziswa izinto ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo okanye izinxibo ze-electrode ezikhethekileyo zisusa umaleko we-oxide kunye nentsimbi enamathele kumphezulu we-electrode, ukugcina ukuxhathisa okuzinzile.
- Ulawulo loTshintsho lweThreshold: Amava oshishino acebisa ukuba xa i-electrode tip diameter igqwetheka ngaphezu kwe-20% yobukhulu bayo bokuqala ngenxa yokuguga okanye ukujiya, kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuhla koxinano lwangoku kunye nokuveliswa kwe-spatter okubangelwa ukunyuka kwendawo yokudibanisa i-electrode.
III. IThekhnoloji ePhambili ye-2: Ulawulo lweParameter ehlakaniphile kunye noLawulo lokuNgena koBushushu
I-welding yensimbi engenasici ivakalelwa kakhulu kwigalelo lobushushu, ifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweparameter ukulawula ukubunjwa kunye nesantya sokupholisa kwe-weld nugget. Iiwelder zale mihla zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula ezikrelekrele ukuphumeza ulungelelwaniso oluguquguqukayo lwangoku, ixesha kunye noxinzelelo.
1. "IShedyuli enzima / eSoft" Isicwangciso se-Welding yangoku kunye nexesha
Ukuthintela insimbi engenasici ukuba ihlale ixesha elide kuluhlu lweqondo lokushisa le-sensitization (i-450℃-850 degree), ekhokelela kwi-intergranular corrosion, isicwangciso se-welding se-"Hard Schedule" sisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
- "Ishedyuli Enzima": Isebenzisa indibaniselwano yangoku ephezulu kunye nexesha elifutshane. Le ndlela ifikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa elinyibilikayo kwaye idlula ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokuvuselela, ukunciphisa i-carbide precipitation kunye nokugcina ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion.
- "IShedyuli ethambileyo": Isebenzisa indibaniselwano yokuncipha kwangoku kunye nobude bexesha elongeziweyo. Nangona igalelo lobushushu elipheleleyo lifana, amazinga okufudumeza kunye nokupholisa acotha. Oku kusetyenziswa gabalala kwizicelo apho iimfuno zobushushu{2}}zowuni echaphazelekayo (HAZ) zingqongqo.
Idatha yeSingqinisiso (Umzekelo we-M6 yokuFastener Spot Welding eqhelekileyo): Kumashiti entsimbi ecekethekileyo angenastainless phakathi kwe-0.8 mm kunye ne-1.5 mm ubukhulu, uluhlu olucetyiswayo lweparameter ye-welding ngokuqhelekileyo:
- I-Welding yangoku: 180 A ukuya kwi-320 A
- Ixesha lokuwelda: imijikelo emi-3 (malunga. 0.06 imizuzwana) ukuya kwimijikelo engama-60 (malunga. 1.2 imizuzwana)
2. UkuLawulwa koxinzelelo lweDynamic kunye neSicwangciso seXesha lokuBamba
Amandla e-Electrode ayichaphazeli kuphela ukuchasana koqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza kodwa idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqinisa i-weld nugget.
- Uluhlu loxinzelelo: Kwimathiriyeli yentsimbi ecekethekileyo{0}}ebiyelwe ngodonga, uluhlu olucetyiswayo lwamandla e-electrode luphakathi kwe-0.3 MPa kunye ne-0.5 MPa. Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lunceda ukugxila okwangoku ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala, ngelixa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lusetyenziselwa ukubunjwa nokuqiniswa okulandelayo.
- Isenzo esiphuculweyo sokwenza i-welding: Emva kokuba i-welding current inqunyulwe, i-welder yendawo kufuneka yandise ixesha lokubamba. Uxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo ngeli xesha (i-forging force) ikhuthaza ukuqiniswa okufanayo kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo, ukukhupha ngokufanelekileyo iigesi kunye ne-shrinkage porosity kwi-nugget, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa izinga le-porosity.
3. ULawulo lweNkqubo yokuPholisa ngokuLungileyo
Inkqubo yokupholisa ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukuqhekeka okushushu kunye nokwandisa ubomi be-electrode. Iiwelder zale mihla zisebenzisa{1}}iindlela zokupholisa zamanzi-ezisebenzayo ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ulawulo lobushushu: Ulawulo olungqongqo kuluhlu lobushushu bamanzi okupholisa luyafuneka, ngokuqhelekileyo lufuna iqondo lobushushu lokungena phakathi kwe-5℃kunye ne-30 degree, kunye neqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lokuphuma ngaphandle kwe-40 degree. Ukupholisa okuzinzile,- kobushushu obuphantsi kususa ngokukhawuleza ubushushu kwi-electrode kunye ne-workpiece, ukuthintela ukuthamba kwe-electrode kunye nokukhawulezisa ukupholisa kwendawo ye-weld, ecinezela ngokufanelekileyo ukubunjwa kweentanda ezishushu.
IV. IThekhnoloji ePhambili ye-3: Inkqubo yoTshintsho kunye nezisombululo zoPhuculo loMgangatho
Ngaphandle kwe-hardware kunye nokulungiswa kweparamitha, abashicileli bendawo baye bazisa izinto ezintsha ezininzi kwiinkqubo ze-welding kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo ukufezekisa umgangatho ophezulu we-welds.
1. Inkqubo yoKhuseleko lwe-Atmospheric (I-Inert Gas Shielding)
Insimbi engenasici isebenza kakhulu ngeoksijini kunye nenitrogen emoyeni kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, zenza iioksidi kunye ne-nitrides ezikhokelela kwi-porosity kunye nokunciphisa amandla e-weld.
- I-Argon Shielding: Yazisa{0}}ucoceko oluphezulu lweArgon (imfuno yococeko engaphezulu kwe-99.99%) kwindawo ye-weld yokukhusela. Irhasi engasebenziyo iwubeka wodwa umoya ngokufanelekileyo, inqanda{3}}ubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye iphucula ngokubonakalayo ukuxinana kunye nomgangatho wobuhle we weld.
- Ulawulo lwe-Pulse: Kwezinye iinkqubo ezichanekileyo, i-pulse{0}}controlled droplet technology transfer ivumela ulawulo olucineneyo kwi-weld pool kunye nokugqunywa kwendawo ekhuselayo, ukunyusa umgangatho we weld.
2. IiNkqubo zeWelding ezizenzekelayo kunye ne-Anti{1}}Izicwangciso-qhinga zoTshintsho
Kumsebenzi omkhulu okanye onzima wensimbi engenasici, efana nemizimba yemoto okanye iitanki ezinkulu zokugcina, ulandelelwano lwe-welding oluphuculweyo kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuthintela ukuguqulwa kwe-workpiece.
- Ulandelelwano lwe-Welding Staggered: Gwema i-welding eqhubekayo kwindawo enye. Endaweni yoko, yamkele iziko{1}}lo{2}}emphetho okanye ipateni yewelding. Esi sicwangciso sinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuxinwa kobushushu bendawo, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal kunye noxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwi-workpiece.
- Tight Fit -phezulu: Xa udibanisa amashiti abhityileyo anokuqina okuphantsi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokusebenza zifakwe ngokuqinileyo kwindawo yokuwelda, ususa naziphi na izikhewu. Oku kubalulekile ekuthinteleni isitshizi kunye nokuqinisekisa ubungakanani be-weld nugget engaguqukiyo.
3. Ukuqinisekiswa koMgangatho kunye neNkqubo-sikhokelo yokuPhunyezwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwee-welders ze-spotless kwi-stainless steel applications, abavelisi kufuneka baseke isikhokelo sokuphunyezwa esibanzi kunye nenkqubo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho.
| IsiKhokelo sokuPhunyezwa kweSikhokelo | Ingcebiso esebenzayo kunye nenjongo |
| IParameter Database Ukusekwa | Yenza imathiriyeli eqinisekisiweyo-isiseko sedatha yepharamitha ethile yamabakala ahlukeneyo entsimbi engenastainless (umzekelo, 304, 316L) kunye neendibaniselwano zobunzima, okwenza ukuba iparameter ikhumbule ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. |
| Inkqubo yoKhuseleko loThintelo | Ukuthobela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-electrode yokugqoka kunye neshedyuli yokutshintshwa, kwaye ulungelelanise rhoqo i-sensor zoxinzelelo kunye nezixhobo zangoku zokubeka iliso. |
| Yenyani-Inkqubo yokuJonga ixesha | Faka{0}}ixesha lokwenyani inkqubo yokubeka iliso yangoku, amandla ombane, uxinzelelo, kunye nobushushu. Qalisa i-alam okanye ukucima ukuba iiparamitha zingaphezulu koluhlu olusetwe kwangaphambili, iqinisekisa umgangatho wayo yonke indawo ye-weld iyalandeleka. |
| Uqeqesho lwabaSebenzisi | Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho lobuchwephesha kubaqhubi kwiimpawu zentsimbi engatyiwayo, iingozi zokwazisa, kunye nemisebenzi ephucukileyo ye-welder yendawo (umzekelo, ulawulo lwangoku lwe-ramp). |
Iindlela zokuqinisekisa umgangatho:
- UHlolo oluBonakalayo: Jonga indawo eneziphene ezinje nge-spatter, i-indentation, okanye ukuguquka kombala.
- Uvavanyo olutshabalalisayo: Sebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-peel okanye i-shear ukuqinisekisa ingqibelelo edibeneyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ubukhulu be-weld nugget buhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
- Uhlalutyo lweMicrostructural: Yenza i-metallographic yecandelo lendawo ye-weld ukujonga ukuxinana kwe-weld nugget, ububanzi boBubushushu{0}}Indawo echaphazelekayo (HAZ), kunye nobukho be-porosity okanye i-micro{1}}entanda.
Ukuqukumbela
Itekhnoloji yale mihla yokudibanisa i-electrode, iinkqubo ezikrelekrele zokulawula iparamitha, kunye nokuhamba kwenkqubo entsha, yoyise ngokucwangcisiweyo imiceli mngeni ephezulu yobunzima bokuwelda intsimbi yentsimbi.
Ukusuka ekulawuleni ngokuchanekileyo igalelo lobushushu ukunqanda uvakalelo, ukulawula ngokuguquguqukayo uxinzelelo lokuphelisa i-porosity kunye ne-spatter, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegesi engasebenziyo yokukhusela ukunyusa i-weld aesthetics kunye namandla, le ndibaniselwano yetekhnoloji yenza abashicileli bamabala bakwazi ukunikezela ngemfuno engaguqukiyo, {0}umgangatho ophezulu, kunye{1}}nomgangatho ophezulu wokuvelisa izisombululo zokwenziwa kwesinyithi kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi.
Kubavelisi abazabalazela umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukuqonda kunye nokuphumeza ezi ndlela zangoku ze-welding spot yeyona mfihlelo yokufikelela kwiinjongo zemveliso kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho.
